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Download Worm Phyla PowerPoint - Effingham County Schools
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Three Phyla of Worms Review the Animal Kingdom 4 Major Characteristics? Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Cells lack cell walls 7 Essential Functions? Feeding Response Respiration Movement Circulation Reproduction Excretion Hard Shells The Anatomy of a Sponge Water flow Osculum Central cavity Pores Collar Cell Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte What makes the Porifera phyla the most simple of all animals? What does the name “Porifera” actually mean? Cnidarians have two body forms Polyp - stationary, vase-shaped Medusa - swimming, cup-shaped Examples: hydra, coral, sea anemone Examples: jellyfish, portuguese man of war Ecology of Cnidarians A. Source of new drugs/chemicals sunscreen 855 B. Provide habitats for marine organisms C. Source of food for other organisms (like sea turtles) D. Symbiotic relationships with other organisms WORMS Phylum: Annelida Phylum: Platyhelminthes Phylum: Nematoda What’s a Worm??? A long, thin invertebrate with BILATERAL symmetry, a nervous system, and cephalization Simplest animal to have a true organs like a brain! Reproduction - Sexual (hermaphroditic – male and female reproductive organs) and Asexual – Fission (breaking into pieces) Many are parasites- (good/bad relationship) live on or in a host 3 Distinct Phyla Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematoda (roundworms) Annelida (segmented worms) http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monstersinside-me-tapeworm-in-my-brain.html http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monstersinside-me-flesh-eating-hookworm.html http://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/gword-red-wigglers.html http://animal.discovery.com/videos/top-10bloodsuckers-leech.html Characteristics of Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) A. Soft flattened worms with true tissues and internal organs. B. Simplest animals to have bilateral symmetry and cephalization. Flatworms carry out 7 essential functions 1. Feeding – some carnivorous, most parasitic; one opening into gut; pharynx sucks in food and releases waste 2. Respiration/ Circulation/ Excretion – No respiratory No circulatory system, system; Obtain nutrients and oxygen by diffusion directly into cells. Simple excretory system of specialized cells. 3. Response/Movement – ganglia= groups of nerves in head control nervous system (like a brain); “ladder” of nerves run over body; eyespot detects light; move by cilia and squirming using outer layer of muscle tissue Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms A. Flukes-Usually infect internal organs of host – Example: The blood fluke Schistosoma- causes tissue damage that could result in death Schistosome Life Cycle Section 27-1 4. Inside the human host, the flukes produce eggs that clog blood vessels, causing swelling and damage to Primary and/or host lungs, liver, spleen, (human) intestines Intermdiate host (snail) Primary host Human intestine Flukes mature and reproduce sexually in the blood vessels of human intestines. Embryos are released and passed out with feces. Adult fluke Embryo Ciliated larva Tailed larva After asexual reproduction, new larvae are released from the snail into the water. They then infect humans, the primary host, by boring through their skin. Once in the water, embryos develop into swimming larvae that infect an intermediate host (snail). Secondary host Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms A. B. Flukes-Usually infect internal organs of host – Example: The blood fluke Schistosoma Tapeworms – Long, flat, and have adaptations for life inside intestines of host Parasitic Flatworms Head with a scolex suckers and hooks which attach to the host’s intestinal lining Check Your Understanding What type of symmetry do all worms have? Bilateral Worms are the simplest animals to have Bilateral symmetry Cephalization ____________ and ______________. How do flatworms obtain nutrients and oxygen? Diffusion The Characteristics of Roundworms Phylum Nematoda A. Body plan- First animals to have a one way digestive system with mouth and anus (tube within in a tube); B. First animals to have a fluid filled body cavity called a pseudocoelom“false body cavity” Roundworms Carry Out 7 Essential Functions 1. Feeding- many are carnivores with grasping mouthparts, some herbivores, many are parasites 2. Respiration/Circulation/ Excretion- No Respiratory or Circulatory Systems; rely on diffusion. Simple excretory organs. 3. Response/movement -have ganglia (“brain”)and simple nervous system, have muscular system and move like snakes Diseases caused by parasitic roundworms A. Trichinella causes painful cysts in the muscle tissue of humans and other animals- transmitted by eating undercooked meat containing worm eggs Diseases caused by parasitic roundworms B. Filarial worms cause Elephantiasis- fluid buildup that causes abnormally large limbs – transmitted through the bite of insects like mosquitos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVuvW5JnYXQ Diseases caused by parasitic roundworms C. Ascarids cause malnutrition in humans, horses, cows, etc by filling the intestinal tract of its host and absorbing all nutrients Diseases caused by parasitic roundworms D. Hookworms attach to the lungs and intestines and suck blood – common in humans(1/4 of world population); larvae pierce the skin & burrow into the body. Can severely damage internal organs. Transmitted through humans’ and other animals’ waste. (Wear Shoes!) Check Your Understanding What is different about the roundworm’s digestive system as compared to the flatworm’s digestive system? A roundworm has a mouth and anus. A flatworm only has one opening How are roundworm diseases transmitted? By eating undercooked meat, walking barefoot, insect bites What are ganglia? Nerve tissue that function as simple brains Phylum Annelida Figure 1 – Body Structure anus mouth clitellum Phylum Annelida A. Body Plan- tube within a tube, digestive system with mouth and anus; body divided into sections called septa that are specialized for different functions. First animals to have true circulatory system and coelom – body cavity. Annelids carry out 7 essential functions? 1. Feeding- predators to filter feeders; use pharynx to get food, stored in crop, ground up in gizzard, absorbed in intestine. One-way Digestive System Mouth pharynx esophagus (throat) crop (storage area) gizzard (grinds food) intestines (digestion) anus Annelids carry out 7 essential functions? 2. Circulation/ Respiration/ Excretion- closed circulatory system with vessels; breath through gills or through skin; have excretory organs called nephridia Annelids carry out 7 essential functions? 2. Circulation/ Respiration/ Excretion- closed circulatory system with vessels; breath through gills or through skin; have excretory organs called nephridia 3. Response/Movement- have ganglia in each segment and in the head, nervous system; move by contracting and relaxing muscles The Anatomy of an Earthworm Section 27-3 Anus Setae Body segments Gizzard Crop Dorsal blood vessel Clitellum Mouth Brain Ganglion Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Nephridia Ganglia Ring vessels Reproductive organs Ventral blood vessel Intestine Gizzard (grinds) Clitellum Dorsal blood vessel Anus Brain Crop (stores) Aortic arches Esophagus Ventral blood vessel Ventral nerve cord Mouth Segments Pharynx (throat) Ecology of Annelids A. B. C. Aerate, mix, and fertilize the soil- have created some of the most fertile soils on earth! Tunnels provide passage ways for plant roots and water Important in the diets of many other animals such as birds, toads and snakes; marine annelids important in the diets of fishes, crabs, and lobsters Check Your Understanding Name one characteristic all three worm phyla have in common What type of circulatory system do segmented worms have? Figure 2 – Reproductive Structures Sperm Grooves Clitellum prostomium Male genital pores Earthworm coccoons setae Intestine Dorsal blood vessel gizzard crop septa Seminal vesicles Aortic arches pharynx brain mouth Seminal receptacles nephridia Ventral blood vessel ovaries metameres Ventral nerve cord esophagus Review What are the three types of worms? How do worms such as a planarian “see”? What kind of worm includes leeches and marine worms? What makes a segmented worm, such as an earthworm, different from other worms in regards to their circulatory system?
