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Sea Slug 5/25/2017 2 Mollusk Terms LATIN LIVES Phora = Bearing Mono = One Placo = Plate Cephalo = Head Scapho = Sword Pelecy = Hatchet Poda = Foot 5/25/2017 3 Phylum Mollusca Classes Click on any Scientific Name to go to that Class Aplacophora - mollusks without shells Pelecypoda ( Bivalve) - clams, oysters, mussels, second largest species. Cephalopoda – squid, octopus, chambered nautilus Gastropoda ( Univalve) – snails, slugs, abalones, whelks, periwinkles, giant conch, most species Monoplacophora - mollusks with one shell, ancient Polyplacophora ( Amphineura) – chiton, eight plates, intertidal Scaphopoda - a tubular shell - tusk shells General information 5/25/2017 Interesting Facts Start Over 4 Invertebrates with Soft Bodies “Mollusk” octopus They have existed for 600 million years. Some are very primitive and some are quite intelligent creatures. They are used commercially in many ways. squid 5/25/2017 snail 5 Mollusk ~ Snail Second largest group in the animal kingdom There are more than 150,000 living species of the mollusk. Half of the species are marine. 5/25/2017 6 MOLLUSK ANATOMY Mollusks vary greatly in the development of each of the three body sections. Three main body sections 1. Head = Eyes, Mouth ( Radula –rasping sucking tongue) and Tentacles 2. Visceral Mass = Mantle which secretes the shell, and the gills, intestines, kidneys, heart. 3. Foot = large muscular organ to move the body. 5/25/2017 7 Mollusk Anatomy Visceral Mass Shell Coelo m Anus Mantle Cavity Mantle Hear Gonad Nephridiumt Stomach Intestin Gill e Nerve Cords Esophagus Mouth Foot 5/25/2017 8 Mollusk reproduction Most mollusks have separate females and males; gonads are in the visceral mass ~ Sperm or eggs are produced by meiosis. Snails are hermaphrodites bearing both female and male gonads in same individuals. Sea Slug 5/25/2017 9 5/25/2017 10 Monoplacophorans This is the deep- sea dwelling class that was the ancestor of all other mollusks. These animals were thought to be extinct until 1952 At present, only a few living species are known to exist. There are many fossils . 5/25/2017 11 Monoplacophorans Nepolina 5/25/2017 12 Monoplacophorans Fossil Specimens Cyrtolites 5/25/2017 Archinacella 13 5/25/2017 14 Aplacophorans These organisms lack shells and are wormlike in body form. They have calcareous scales or spicules in their integument. 5/25/2017 15 Aplacophorans Soleonogasters which also live on the bottom feed on cnidarians (Jellyfish – Corals). 5/25/2017 16 Whelk 5/25/2017 17 Mollusks Gastropoda (Univalve) Class Gastropodameaning stomach foot Univalve = one valve or one shell Conch 5/25/2017 18 Mollusks - Gastropods snails, slugs, abalones, whelks, periwinkles, giant conch – giant conch – 1 foot length Urosalprix – “oyster drill” bores hole in oyster and digests through the hole. Largest 5/25/2017 19 Mollusks - Gastropods Snails, nudibranchs, cowries, whelks 5/25/2017 20 Sea Slugs 5/25/2017 21 Nudibranchs with symbiotic algae 5/25/2017 22 5/25/2017 23 Glaucus atlanticus 5/25/2017 24 Abalone The Abalone shell is used to make jewelry 5/25/2017 25 Abalone Abalone is served in fine restaurants 5/25/2017 26 Periwinkle 5/25/2017 27 Periwinkle Periwinkles feed on algae and seaweed. They are found at the water's edge on Mash grasses. They move up and down the grasses in synch with the tides. 5/25/2017 28 Snails As Bird food Snails provide an immense amount of food for waterfowl in the wetlands. Mallard - 16% Pintail - 15% Blue winged Teal - 38% Northern Shoveler - 40% Gadwall - 4% The endangered Whooping Crane – 60% 5/25/2017 Whooping Crane eats snails 29 Oyster Shell 5/25/2017 30 Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia ( PELECYPODA) Class consist of; clams, oysters, scallops, mussels mussels 5/25/2017 31 What are the shells of mollusks made of? Calcareous material that resembles limestone Oyster Shells 5/25/2017 32 Scallop Eyes Gills (Cilia) 5/25/2017 33 Clam Gills with Cilia 5/25/2017 34 What do clams use for digging into the sand? A muscular, hatchet-shaped foot extends from between the shells and is used for digging. 5/25/2017 35 Octopus 5/25/2017 36 Cephalopoda Class Cephalopoda are among the most active, interesting and intelligent of the Mollusk. Cephalopoda means headfoot. Their head is attached to the foot which become tentacles 5/25/2017 octop us 37 Class Cephalopoda octopu s 5/25/2017 Shell reduced & internalized in squid ( beak) No shell in octopus Largest invertebrates Possess eyes and tentacles 38 Mollusks - Cephalopods All are carnivorous octopus Siphon allows jet propulsion in squid Defenses include ink (squid, octopus) and change in coloration of octopus 5/25/2017 39 Mollusks - Cephalopods Squid, chambered nautilus, cuttlefish, octopus 5/25/2017 40 Squid Shell reduced to pen made of chitin 5/25/2017 41 Cuttlefish CuttleFish Cuttlefishes have Carbonate shells 5/25/2017 42 cephalopods The only cephalopods with a shell are a few species of nautiluses Nautilus means shell with chambers. 5/25/2017 Nautilus 43 Chiton 5/25/2017 44 Class Polyplacophora Habitat: Chitons inhabit the intertidal and subtidal regions. They live under or on rocks with a very tight grip to protect them from waves. Each one consists of Eight plates Diet: Encrusting plants and animals Reproduction: Chitons are dioecious, meaning there are female chitons and male chitons. 5/25/2017 45 Chiton 5/25/2017 46 Gumboot Chiton It is the largest species of chiton in the world, It can grow up to 30 cm in length 5/25/2017 47 5/25/2017 48 Scaphopoda The Scaphopoda are known as the "tusk shells" because their shells are conical. The scientific name Scaphopoda means "shovel foot", which refers to the "head" of the animal. It lacks eyes and is used for burrowing into marine mud and sediments. 5/25/2017 49 Scaphopoda The most distinctive feature of scaphopods is that the tubular shell is open at both ends, Not just one end as in most molluscs. 5/25/2017 50 Life is Tough Scaphopods live their adult lives buried in sand or mud, with their headend pointed downwards. Only the narrow posterior end of the shell sticks up into the seawater for water exchange and waste expulsion. 5/25/2017 51 Rapa Whelk 5/25/2017 52 Introduced Species Rapa Whelk Came from the Sea of Japan The Rapa Whelk is destroying the Mid-Atlantic natural Whelk habitat No predators Reproduce rapidly VIMS has a bounty for catching them 5/25/2017 53 The role of the Mollusk Can be a check on pollution levels, since some are filterfeeding bivalves Pouch Snails provides a sign for what the water quality is; (the dominance of pouch snails signifies poor water quality) 5/25/2017 Mollusk provide 16% of the Mallard Ducks Diet 54 Mollusks ~ Reproduction Some hermaphroditic mollusks, such as certain oysters switch from one sex to the other. Sometimes producing eggs, and sometimes sperm 5/25/2017 55 Mollusks Those without shells; May spend daylight hours under rocks Some sea hares have a special “ink” they squirt. 5/25/2017 Sea Hare 56 Mollusks ~ Make Pearls Oyster with Pearl 5/25/2017 57 Mollusks Facts Snails and other mollusks never seem to develop cancer; Sea Slug 5/25/2017 58 Mollusks There are some negative relationships with humans Land slugs and snails are plant eaters that do damage to crops Shipworms will damage wood ships- “termites of the sea” Shipworms 5/25/2017 59 5/25/2017 60