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Kingdom Animalia
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Sponges
 Assymetrical
 Freshwater or saltwater
 Sessile – do not move
 Filter feeders
 No Nervous System
 Multicellular organization (no true tissues
yet)
Other Sponge Facts:
 Sponges can regenerate – replace lost
body parts through mitotic cell division.
 Economic Importance:
 Commercial sponge harvesting for
personal care industry.
Sponge Reproduction:
 Asexually – fragmentation or budding
 Sexually – sponges are hermaphrodites
 External fertilization
 Internal fertilization - eggs remain
inside parent sponge’s body.
Cnidarians – Stinging
Animals
 Radial Symmetry
 Mostly saltwater
Corals
Jellyfish
Sea anemones
Hydra
Cnidarian Movement
 POLYP is sessile – does not move
 MEDUSA is motile – squeezes bell
(umbrella) to move
 uses simple ring of contractile tissue
(not muscle tissue yet)
Feeding
 Use tentacles to capture food.
 Tentacles have NEMATOCYSTS –
stinging cells that grab and immobilize
prey using toxins.
 Waste products and undigested
materials are expelled through the
mouth.
Organization
 Nerve net – conducts impulses from all
parts of the body.
 No brain.
 Two layers of tissues derived from
endoderm and ectoderm
Cnidarian Reproduction
 Asexually – budding (polyp form)
 Sexually –have separate male and
female medusae that produce gametes
that join through external fertilization
to produce polyps.
Flatworms Platyhelminthes
 Bilateral Symmetry
 Free-living in freshwater or parasitic in
a host
 Has all three layers (endoderm,
mesoderm, ectoderm)
 Acoelomate – no body cavity.
An Important Group
 Many nasty parasitic infections.
Dugesia
Tapeworms
Flukes
Flatworm Feeding
 Free living flatworms are scavengers.
 Parasitic flatworms use specialized
structures (usually with hooks) to
attach to a host.
Respiration & Excretion
 Excretion - Flame cells remove excess
water
 Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body
cells directly.
Flatworm Nervous
Systems
 First appearance of cephalization.
 Primitive brain.
 Eyespots
Flatworm Reproduction
 Sexually - Hermaphrodites – internal
fertilzation.
 Asexually – fission – when damaged,
regenerates new body parts.
 Proglottids – found in tapeworms – each
is shed off individually.
Roundworms - Nematoda
 Bilateral Symmetry
 Free-living in soil or parasitic in a host
 Pseudoomate – false body cavity.
 Movement - Longitutdinal muscles
produce a thrashing movement
Respiration & Excretion
 Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body
cells.
 Digestive wastes are excreted through
the anus.
 Flame cells remove excess water
through pores in body surface.
Roundworm Feeding
 Have a simple digestive system.
 Have a mouth and an anus
 Parasitic roundworms use specialized
structures (usually with hooks) to
attach to a host.
An Important Group
 Many nasty parasitic infections in
humans, livestock
 Importance
and IMPORTANT
AGRICULTURAL PEST
 Pinworms, Ascaris, hookworms,
Trichinella