Download Chapter 1 - De Anza College

COMMUNICATE!
Verderber, Verderber, Sellnow
Chapter 1
Communication
Perspectives
Learning Outcomes
LO1 Discover the nature of communication
and the communication process
LO2 Identify characteristics of
communication
LO3 Explore the major tenets of ethical
communication
LO1
Discover the nature of
communication and the
communication process
LO1
Nature of Communication
Communication is the
process through which we
express, interpret, coordinate
messages with others in order
to relate shared meaning, meet
social goals, manage personal
identity, carry out
relationships
Messages
• Verbal utterances, visual images,
nonverbal behaviors used to convey
thoughts and feelings
– Encoding – creating messages
– Decoding – interpreting messages
– Feedback – message in response to message
indicating how interpreted
– Canned plans and scripts
LO1
Contexts
• The situation in which communication
takes place.
– Physical
– Social
– Historical
– Psychological
– Cultural
LO1
Settings
• Differentiate interactions based on number
of participants and extent to which
interaction is formal or informal
– Intrapersonal communication
– Interpersonal communication
– Small group communication
– Public communication
– Mass communication
LO1
Communication Process
• Complex set of different and interrelated
activities intended to result in shared
meaning
– Message production sub-process
– Message interpretation sub-process
– Interaction coordination
LO1
Channels
• Both route traveled by message and
means of transportation
LO1
Interference (Noise)
• External noises
• Internal noises
• Semantic noises
LO1
LO2
Identify characteristics
of communication
Communication
Has Purpose
•
•
•
•
•
To develop and maintain sense of self.
To meet our social needs.
To develop and maintain relationships.
To exchange information.
To influence others.
LO2
Communication Is
Continuous
We are always sending
and interpreting messages.
LO2
Communication Is
Irreversible
Once exchange takes place,
we can never ignore it, take it
back, or pretend it did not occur.
LO2
Communication Is
Situated
Communication occurs within
a communication setting that
affects how messages are produced,
interpreted, and coordinated.
LO2
Communication Is
Indexical
• How we communicate is a measure of
emotional temperature of relationship
– Signaling level of trust
– Indicating who has control
• Complementary feedback
• Symmetrical feedback
– Revealing degree of intimacy
LO2
Communication Is
Learned
LO2
• Messages vary in conscious thought
–Spontaneous expressions
–Scripted messages
–Constructed messages
Communication Is Guided by
Cultural Norms
• Culture – system or shared beliefs,
values, symbols, and behaviors.
• How messages are formed and
interpreted depends on the cultural
background of the participants.
LO2
LO3
Explore the major tenets
of ethical
communication
LO3
Communication and
Ethics
• Ethical principles
– Truthful and honest
– Act with integrity
– Behave fairly
– Demonstrate respect
– Responsible
LO3
Communication and
Ethics
• Dark side messages - inappropriate and/or
unethical communication
•
•
•
•
Bright side
Hard side
Easy side
Evil side
LO3
Communication
Competence
Communication is effective when it achieves
its goals and appropriate when it conforms
to what is expected in a situation.
Perceptions of
Competence
LO3
• Motivation – can improve communication only if
want to.
• Knowledge – must know what to do.
• Skills – goal-oriented actions can master and
repeat in appropriate situations.
• Credibility – perception of speaker’s knowledge,
trustworthiness, and warmth.
• Social ease – managing communication
apprehension.
Communication
Apprehension
Fear or anxiety associated with real or
anticipated communication with others.
• Traitlike
• Audience-based
• Situational
• Context-based
LO3
Communication Improvement
Plans
1. State the problem.
2. State the specific goal.
3. Outline a specific procedure for
reaching the goal.
4. Devise a method for determining
progress.
LO3