Download The Communication Process

The Communication Process
Chapters 1 and 2
Elements of Communication
What must happen for human
communication to take
place?
You might answer:
People must speak, and
others must listen.
However, this answer is
incomplete. The words
“speaker” and “listener”
are only partly right.
Sender
 A more correct term than
“speaker” when discussing
communication.
 “Sending” involves both verbal
and nonverbal communication.
Receiver
 A more correct term than “listener”
when discussing communication.
 “Receiving” involves both verbal
and nonverbal communication.
Verbal and Nonverbal Messages
Verbal communication is
communication with
words.
Nonverbal communication
is communication without
words.
We can communicate
nonverbally by:
 Appearance
We can communicate
nonverbally by:
 Appearance
 Gestures
We can communicate
nonverbally by:
 Appearance
 Gestures
 Body movement
We can communicate
nonverbally by:
 Appearance
 Gestures
 Body movement
 Eye contact
We can communicate
nonverbally by:
 Appearance
 Gestures
 Body movement
 Eye contact
 Facial expressions
We can communicate
nonverbally by:
 Appearance
 Gestures
 Body movement
 Eye contact
 Facial expressions
 Spatial relations
Elements in the
communication process
beyond sender and
receiver:
Feedback - the way the
receiver responds to the
message being sent
Channel - the means
through which the
message is transmitted
Encoding - selecting the
best verbal and nonverbal
messages to make your
point
Decoding - the receiver’s
careful filtering process
of what he or she
understands as
communication
Interference - breakdown
in communication
Types of Interference
External
Types of Interference
External
Loud noises
Distracting activity
Types of Interference
Internal
Types of Interference
Internal
Headache
Daydreaming
Diagram of the Communication
Process
Encoding
Sender
Feedback
Message
Receiver
Decoding
Effective communication:
the receiver interpreting the
sender’s message the same
way the sender intended it
Four specific purposes of
communication:
 To exchange information
Four specific purposes of
communication:
 To exchange information
 To exert control
Four specific purposes of
communication:
 To exchange information
 To exert control
 To follow social rules
Four specific purposes of
communication:
 To exchange information
 To exert control
 To follow social rules
 To share feelings