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•People had been aware of effect of NV for centuries •Shakespeare— “Beware of Cassius…lean and hungry look about him” J. Caesar •Began as a legitimate study in 1951 with Reusch and Keen’s book Nonverbal Communication. •Divided the study into chapters according to type (gestures, appearance, posture, etc) • In 1960’s, people thought EVERY movement had communicative value • Mortenson (U.W.) said physical behavior could be divided into: 1. Random Behavior (a gesture which happens a few times and has no pattern and, obviously, does NOT communicate 2. Idiosyncratic Behavior (a habit/idiosyncrasy familiar to an individual 3. Nonverbal Communication (have “shared significance”) Stephen R. Covey •Only 10 percent of our communication is represented by the words we say, another 30 percent by our sounds, and 60 percent by body language. •Manages Immediate Social Situation •Expresses attitude •Expresses emotional states •Self-Presentation (occupation, personality, cliques, etc) •Sustains verbal communication •Floor apportionment (who has the floor) •Feedback •Signaling attentiveness •Replaces verbal message To exclude “How can you keep someone out nonverbally?” To include “How can you invite someone in nonverbally into a conversation?” To put down “How can you put down nonverbally?” To build up “How can you build up nonverbally?” To reveal self “How do you greet someone after they were gone a long time?” To conceal self “Have you ever tried to bluff your way out of a situation?” •Paralanguage •Proxemics •Body Language •Appearance •Gesture •Facial Expression Paralanguage is the tonal meaning behind what we say. • The meaning is not what we say but how we “Which is say it. “How are you today?” “Fine” more important, what we say or how we say it?” EMOTION ANGER Participants A, B, and C will recite the following sentence using different emotions. “Dude.” Judging by the voice ALONE, identify each emotion for each participant. JOY SORROW FRUSTRATION INDIFFERENCE CURIOSITY FEAR DISGUST A B C “What determines how close you stand to •Spatial relations can be used to control/distribute power someone?” •The better we know someone, the closer we allow them into our personal space •Intimate space 0 – 1.5 ft •Rules depend on the culture America is the least contact nation •Personal Space 1.5 – 4 ft •Social space 4 –12 ft •Public space over 12 ft •Don’t always have control over spatial relations •The study of personal space and how we structure that space around us. •Depends on how you are raised. •Much is cultural—some require more; some less •Americans use a grid system for their streets; concerns with lines, we name and number streets. •Japanese name intersections •France is like a wheel (similar to Madison with streets spoking from capitol •This CAN affect how we structure space in interpersonal interactions 1. List ways animals mark their territory. 2. Think of three ways you mark your territory (fences, names on folders, posters on bedroom walls, etc) 3. Why the innate need to mark what is ours? 4. Think of three “unassigned assigned” seats— those places no one assign to us yet we feel more comfortable if we continually sit there (church pew, place in car, lunch table, etc) “What does arms crossed mean?” •The better you know someone, the more accurate the interpretation. •Not always 100% accurate. •Not always consciously used. •Reflects on your personality •Is your initial first impression •Sets a tone •Dress code •Uniforms (baseball managers) “Is it right to judge people based on looks alone?” Have different meanings Varies by culture Develops over time Handshakes communicate a great deal “What are some hand gestures you use for different situations?” • Not always consciously controlled • Not 100% accurate Signaling with the eyes gains recognition Varies by culture •“ “What would you do in the hallway if someone you want to avoid is approaching and he/she hasn’t seen you yet?” •R repeat or support contradict •R replace regulate •A accurate message construction “If someone looks at his watch while your speaking, it means…”