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Prevention References: Equine encephalitis. (2014). Prevention is the key in helping extend a horse’s life. Since Encephalitis is so highly viral and there is no cure it is highly encouraged that the owner properly vaccinate their horse on a yearly basis. Vaccination age for horses are: Encyclopædia Britannica, Sellon, D. C., & Long, M. T. (2007). Equine infectious 1. Foals from vaccinated mares: 5, 6, and 8 months diseases. St. Louis, Mo. : 2. Foals from unvaccinated mares: 4, 5, and 7 months. Saunders Elsevier, [2007]. 3. Broodmares: 1 month till due for passive transfer. Stephen Berger, M. (2016). 4. Imported horses: receive three initial injections, three times a year for at least 2 years afterarriving. Foals need to be vaccinated between January and March. Not a 100% guarentee but better to be safe than sorry. Equine Encephalitis: Global Status. [N.p.]: GIDEON Informatics Inc. Equine Encephalitis By: Aubrey McMahan What is Equine Encephalitis? There are three types of Equine Encephalitis: 1. Depending on severity, the affected horse could have anywhere from 2 – 14 days to live. Diagnosis detected through either cell cultures or detected postmortem through brain material. Therapy So far, there is no antiviral medication to counteract the virus once the horse has obtained it. IV fluids and support have helped make the horse comfortable. Eastern Equine Encephalitis 2. Western Equine Encephalitis 3. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Clinical Findings Naturally one of the most pathogenic neurotropic viruses, it is not surprising the amount of cases occur when a horse is not vaccinated for encephalitis. Some signs one can pay attention to, should one’s horse have encephalitis are: 1. High temperature (101°F - 104° F) 2. Depression 3. Anorexia 4. Change in mentation 5. Blindness 6. Head pressing 7. Teeth grinding 8. Stupor 9. Drooping ears 10. Staggering 11. Severe is full paralysis and recumbence These types of diseases are a virus which affects the horse’s neurologic system and are fatal. Once noticed, the horse has to be immediately isolated from other horses to prevent it from spreading. How is it transmitted? Life cycle of Encephalitis involves transmission through either: 1. Birds 2. Rodents 3. Mosquitoes Mosquitoes being the main spreader of this horrible virus this are why veterinarians highly stress in both dumping stagnant water and constantly keeping fresh water in the water trough. This will deter and prevent mosquito’s either laying eggs or the larvae from maturing into adults.