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Group Communication Small Group Communication What Is A Group? A collection of people with a common goal, or, a common thread of interest Can also be referred to as “teams” Small Group Communication The Characteristics of An Effective Group Clear Purpose The vision, mission, goal, or task of the group are defined by the group. Climate The group climate is informal, comfortable, and relaxed There are no obvious tensions or signs of boredom Participation There is much discussion, and everyone is encouraged to participate. Small Group Communication The Characteristics of An Effective Group Listening Members use effective listening techniques such as questioning, paraphrasing, and summarizing so that everyone’s point of view is considered. Healthy Conflict Conflict between group members is a normal and sometimes necessary component of group work. Group members should not try to avoid, smooth over, or suppress conflict. Rather opposing views should be analyzed and considered when coming to a group decision. Small Group Communication The Characteristics of An Effective Group Open Communication Members are free to express their views and ideas about the group’s tasks and processes Members have few hidden agendas Clear Roles and Assignments There are clear expectations about group member’s roles Clear assignments are made, accepted, and carried out. Work is fairly distributed among team members. External Resources The team utilizes key outside relationships with important individuals and groups within their larger organization Small Group Communication The Characteristics of An Effective Group Functional Diversity The group is composed of members who vary in their related knowledge, skills, and abilities. Self Assessment The group takes time to examine how well it is functioning and ways to improve its effectiveness. Small Group Communication ADVANTAGESOF OFSMALL-GROUP SMALL-GROUPDECISION-MAKING DECISION-MAKING ADVANTAGES Different views from different people Increases individual motivation It’s easier to identify mistakes Team Decisions are better received by others Group Work is more pleasant and fulfilling for most members Small Group Communication DISADVANTAGES OF SMALL-GROUP DECISION-MAKING Members can get slack Personal agendas may conflict with group goals Aggressive members can dominate Members could be uncompromising GroupThink can override common sense Takes longer to reach a decision Small Group Communication Member “roles” task-oriented maintenance self-serving Small Group Communication Task roles Initiator/Expeditor This person often suggests new ideas, goals, solutions, or approaches. Often times these individuals are the most creative or energetic. Information Giving/Seeking These people provide a foundation for discussion by the information they both provide and seek throughout the process of a group discussion. Small Group Communication Task roles Critic/Analyzer These individuals look at the good and bad points that are brought up and often look at how the whole picture fits together. Can be seen by others as Debbie Downers or the Devil’s Advocate of the group, but their roles are still very vital to arriving at a final solution as long as the groups success is ultimately the critics goal. Small Group Communication Maintenance roles The Encourager Praises and/or comments on contributions to and achievements of the group. The encourager finds it very important to maintain a positive environment in a group communication setting. The Harmonizer/Compromiser This person helps resolve conflicts or settle arguments or arrive at compromises that get the group closer to their goal. Small Group Communication Maintenance roles The Regulator This individual reminds the participants of the agenda or the topic at hand and gives others in the group a chance to speak. Note: Not every group communication setting has all of these roles. Small Group Communication Self-Serving Roles Blocking Aggression Recognition seeking Withdrawing Dominating Joking Self-confessing Help seeking Small Group Communication Leadership Styles Autocratic “My way or the highway” Laissez-Faire “You’re on your own” Democratic “What Does Everyone Think?” Human Knot Small Group Communication A conflict can be destructive if all the participants are dissatisfied and believe they have lost something. Conflict not always a negative force Clarifies differences Identifies flaws When a conflict is handled constructively, no one loses and every wins. Small Group Communication Resolving Group Conflicts Competitive vs. Cooperative Mindset Competitive Mindset perceives a conflict in all-or-nothing terms Tends to be aggressive if not dominating Cooperative Mindset perceives a conflict as an opportunity to resolve problems seeks a resolution that satisfies the needs of all parties involved in the conflict Small Group Communication Reflective-Thinking Method 1) What’s the problem? 2) What are the facts of the situation? 3) What criteria should a solution meet? 4) What are some possible solutions? BRAINSTORMING 5) What is the best solution? 6) How can we implement the solution? Small Group Communciation What is Groupthink? Groupthink is a mode of thought whereby individuals intentionally conform to what they perceive to the consensus of the group. Groupthink may cause the group (typically a team, committee or large organization) to make bad or irrational decisions which each member might individually consider to be unwise. Small Group Communication Methods of Decision-making Unanimous Nearly impossible to get all to agree entirely Majority Rules Ignores the minority Creates resentment Competitive mindset Consensus seeks mutual consent “What Will Work Best For Everybody” Co-Operative Mindset Small Group Communication What’s A Group? The Characteristics of an Effective Group Group Problem-Solving Advantages Disadvantages Groupthink Methods of DecisionMaking Unanimous Majority Rules Consensus Styles of Leadership Autocratic Laissez-Faire Democratic Conflict Resolution Competitive Mindset Cooperative Mindset Reflective-Thinking Method