Download DeVitoEHC8-01 - Montgomery College

Essentials of Human
Communication,
8th Edition
Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of
the City University
of New York
Copyright ©2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter One:
The Essentials of Human Communication
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Copyright ©2014, 2011, 2008
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Chapter One Goals


Use the essential elements and principles of
human communication in your daily
interactions
Acknowledge the role of culture in all forms
of communication
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Myths About Human Communication
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The more you communicate, the better your
communication will be.
When two people are in a close relationship,
neither person should have to communicate
needs and wants explicitly; the other person
should know what these are.
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Myths About Human Communication
cont…
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Interpersonal or group conflict is a reliable
sign that the relationship or group is in
trouble.
Like good communicators, leaders are born,
not made.
Fear of speaking in public is detrimental and
must be eliminated.
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Skills
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Self-presentation skills
Relationship skills
Interviewing skills
Group interaction and leadership skills
Presentation (public speaking) skills
Media literacy skills
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Forms of Human Communication

Intrapersonal
–

Talking with one’s self to better learn and judge
self
Interpersonal
–
–
Interactions with a person with whom you have a
relationship
Learn and reveal about others and self
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Forms of Communication cont…

Interviewing
–
–

Communication that proceeds by question and
answer
A method of self-learning, gaining counsel, and
achieving goals
Small group/team
–
Working with others to solve problems, develop
new ideas, and share knowledge and
experiences
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Forms of Communication cont…

Public
–
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In public settings, people inform and persuade
one another to act, buy, or think.
Computer mediated
–
–
–
Communication that takes place through some
kind of computer
Examples: e-mail, instant messaging, and social
networking sites
Asynchronous
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Forms of Communication cont…

Mass communication
–
–
Communication from one source to many
receivers
Includes magazines, newspapers, radio, and
television
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Communication Models and Concepts


Linear model
Shows communication as a process where
you either speak or listen.
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Transactional Model

Source-Receivers
–

Each person
involved is both a
source and a
receiver
Encoding–decoding
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Copyright ©2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Messages
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Can be verbal or nonverbal
Feedforward Messages
–
–
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Feedback Messages
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Phatic communication or small talk.
Preliminary to actual messages
Self-feedback v. feedback from others
Metamessages
–
Communication about communication
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Workplace Messages

Messages are often classified in terms of
their direction
–
–
–
–
Upward Communication: Employee to boss
Downward Communication: Boss to employee
Lateral Communication: Manager to Manager
Grapevine Communication: Informal messages
not yet made “official.”
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Communication Context
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Physical – Tangible or concrete environment
Cultural – Includes lifestyles, beliefs, and
behaviors affecting the communication
Social-psychological – Status-relationship
among the speakers.
Temporal – Position of the message within a
sequence of events.
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Channel
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Face-to-Face Communication
Computer-Mediated Communication
Vocal Channel
Visual Channel
Olfactory Channel
Tactile Channel
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Noise
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Physical – External
Physiological – Barriers within the speaker or
listener
Psychological – Mental or internal
Semantic – When the speaker and listener
have different meaning systems (Jargon)
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio
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Signal – Information one would find useful.
Noise – Information that one would find
useless.
Noise can not be totally eliminated, but can
be reduced by
–
–
–
Using more precise language
Sharpening nonverbal skills
Improving listening and feedback
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Effects
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For every communication act, there is some
consequence.
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
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Principles of Communication
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Purposeful
Ambiguous
Involves content and
relationships
Has a power dimension
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Involves choices
Punctuated
Inevitable, irreversible,
and unrepeatable
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Culture and Human Communication

Culture consists of the beliefs, ways of
behaving, and artifacts of a group.

Gender and
changing
gender roles
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The Importance of Culture
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Demographic changes
Increased sensitivity to cultural differences
Economic interdependency
Advances in communication technology
Culture-specific nature of communication
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Dimensions of Culture
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Uncertainty avoidance
Masculinity-femininity
Power distance
Individualism-collectivism
High and low context
Indulgence and restraint
Long- and short-term orientation
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Cultural Perspective


Culture permeates all forms of
communication
Cultural differences exist across the
communication spectrum
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Ethnic Identity
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Your self-identity as a member of a cultural
group
Embracing the attitudes and beliefs of the
group
Behave as a member of the group and follow
the customs
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Ethnocentrism
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The tendency to see others and their
behaviors through your own cultural filters
Evaluating your own culture as superior
Can lead to viewing other cultures as inferior
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The Ethnocentrism Continuum
People are not either ethnocentric or nonethnocentric; most are somewhere in the
middle.
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Communication Competence
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
Your knowledge and understanding of how
communication works
Your ability to use communication effectively
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The Competent Communicator…
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Thinks critically and mindfully
Is culturally sensitive
Is ethical
Is an effective listener
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
End Show
Copyright ©2014, 2011, 2008
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.