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Communication and context
 The concept of communication: what is
communication?
 Means of conveying information
 Connection between persons
 Process of sharing information
 Sharing of meaning
 Creation of shared understanding
 Communication is dynamic
 Communication is transactional
 Presenting information and eliciting responses
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25.5.2017
 Sender, receiver, message, channel (or
medium)
 Encoding the message: selecting the signs
(words or other expressions) needed for
formulating the message
 Verbal signs
 Nonverbal signs
 Oral, visual or tactile
 Message: content of communication
 Message transmitted over a channel (medium)
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 Noise: anything that distorts the message,
partly different for spoken and written texts
 Mechanical noise (channel noise): smudged
ink on paper, static in radio transmission
 Semantic noise (ineffective use of language):
ambiguity, inaccuracy, jargon
 Environmental noise (external noise): crowd
chatter, phone ringing in the middle of a
conversation
 Internal noise (inability of the receiver to
focus): tiredness  poor decision making
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 Intentional receiver: the person whom the
sender intended to receive the message
 Unintentional receiver: someone who just
happens to receive the message
(unexpectedly)
 Decoding the message: interpreting the words
or other expressions used for the formulation
of the message
 Receiver response: action, evaluation,
consideration, silence
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25.5.2017
 Communication is a social interaction
 There is a relationship between Sender and
Receiver
 This relationship may be called the context of
the communication
 Physical context: Sender and Receiver are in a
specific space
 Social context: Sender and Receiver play
certain social roles
 Cultural: Sender and Receiver act in a specific
cultural setting
www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto
25.5.2017