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The Communication
Cycle
Communication Cycle
• Communication creates
meaning through the
exchange of messages.
Elements of the
Communication Cycle
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sender/Encoding
Message
Channel
Receiver/Decoding
Feedback
Noise/Interference
Context
Elements
• Sender –
the person
with the
message.
Encoding
• Meaning is added to the
message through words,
tone, body language.
Elements
• Message – the idea the
sender wants the receiver to
understand.
• Receiver –
person(s) to
whom the
message is
addressed.
Decoding
• The receiver interprets
the message to extract
the meaning.
Elements
• The message travels in
what is called a
CHANNEL.
• Examples: Spoken,
written, sung, television,
newspaper, etc.
Non Verbal Channel
• The 55% of Body Language+
• The 38% of Tone of Voice
• includes gestures, HOW you
say something, appearance,
posture, facial expression,
and eye contact.
Add on/in after your nonverbal channel
• Tone of Voice/Paralanguage
changes in the voice that
alter the meaning of the
message.
A message is made up
of the following:
• 55 % Body Language
• 38% Tone of Voice
• 7% Actual Words
• 93% of what your sayin’ ain’t comin
out of your mouth - Hitch
Feedback
• The response to the
message.
• What are some examples
of
Positive Feedback:
Negative Feedback:
Noise/Interference
• Any
distraction
that
competes
with the
message.
Types of
Noise/Interference
• Physical
• Physiological
• Psychological
Physical Interference
• an action
Ex. coughing,
whispering, talking,
crying, etc.
Physiological
Interference
• Related to a bodily function
such as
– Headache
– Hunger
– Pain
– Tiredness
Psychological
Interference
• Mental
• Your attitudes, mental outlook,
emotions, stereotypes, and past
experiences (point of reference).
Psychological
Interference
Other types of
interference to know
• Educational-”I’m too smart to listen to
him”
• Social-”He’s one of those “so-called”
hipster types, he probably doesn’t know
anything about good music”.
• Cultural-Difference in upbringing- “I won’t
relate to anything he has to say”.
Elements
• Context – the situation,
time, environment where
the communication
occurs
• Communication FAIL: It’s
because of the context
Context
Frame of Reference or
Field of Experience
• Your perspective, how you judge
things from your point of view
• It results from past experiences or
attitudes and affects the outcome of
a communication situation