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Smart Dust
Mohammad Rahimi
CSCI599-Spring2002
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Back to future!
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Colonies of smart ultra small size network
Interaction of advances in technology
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VLSI more condense silicon processing
VLSI more silicon speed
VLSI low power short range communication
MEMS Micro-Electromechanical Systems
Networking : Ad hoc wireless Network
Distributed Processing : Operating system, Database
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Wow!
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Applications
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It is a special class of sensor network
Fine sensing granularity
Applications :
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Forest fire warning
Enemy troop monitoring
Large scale Biology or Geology
Smart office spaces
Defense-related sensor networks
Inventory Control
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Circulatory Net
Group of sensors inside the body
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Key Features of these electronic
particles
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Power
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Survive for extended amount of time
Computation
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Sensors
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Process Sensor Data and Communicate
To Interface to the environment
Communication
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To glue the pieces of information
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What is really behind the race?
Computer Science!
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Ad hoc Networking
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Data Fusion
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Dynamic Reconfigurable network
Scalability
An efficient semantic to diffuse data in the network
Interpretation of multimodal sensing
Distributed Processing
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Network Oriented Operating Systems
Data Aggregation
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Come Back to Reality!
COTS Dust
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Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components Dust
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To enable us the research about the algorithms and
semantics
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Architecture
Low Power
Communication Front End
1-Acoustic
2-RF
3-Optical
Computation Brain
1-MCU
2-FPGA
Sensors
1-Magnetometer
2- Light
3-temperature
4-pressure
5-Hmidity
6-Acceleration
Power
1-Bat
2-Sollar
3-Vibration
4-Acoustic Noise
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Architecture
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Power
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Power: Lithium Battery
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Big Problem
Low capacity per unit of mass and volume
Needs support by sleep mechanism and low power
techniques
Not really so much innovation after Volta!
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Solar
Vibration
Acoustic noise
Thermal conversion
Nuclear Reaction
Fuel Cells
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Computation
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Computation: ATMEL91M404000
Micro Controller
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Core and variety of different functions
Flash , SRAM , E2PROM
 GPIO , ADC , PWM ,Comparator
 Embedded serial Buses
 Ex: Microcontrollers
Atmel , Microchip, Motorola
Microprocessors Intel Strong-Arms ,Motorola
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FPGA
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Not Traditional Style Of programming
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Hardware Descriptive Languages (VHDL, Verilog)
Faster , Low Power , Reconfigurable
Ex: Xilix,Atmel
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Sensors
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Motion Sensing
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Magnetometer
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Accelerometer
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Study 3 Element of Earth Magnetic field (Compass)
To measure Local vertical (tilt switch) or measure motion vectors
Environmental Sensing(Weather Monitoring)
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Pressure
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Barometer
Temperature
Light
Humidity
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Communication
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Acoustic
RF radio
Optical
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Passive
Active
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Acoustic Communication
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Power Hungry
High Background Noise
Large Size (proportional to harmonics of sound)
Fast Attenuation Curve
Low communication baud rate
Low power receiver
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Good for event driven wake up systems
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RF Communication
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New low power techniques
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ISM Band
For practical frequencies large ANT Size(~λ)
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Not robust (No fancy Spread Spectrum)
It may have a tail!!
Only one RF front end
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MCU acts as base band controller
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CRC,Encoding(Manchester),DC Balance,Header
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RF Communication
Train Sequence Flag Byte Number OF Byte
DATA
CRC
•No Addressing
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Optical Communication
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Active
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High power laser source
Transmission of modulated laser beam
Passive
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MEMS Corner Cube Reflector
Emit modulated ambient light
Extremely low power
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Optical Vs. RF
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Both mature technology
Both Electromagnetic waves
light is quiet short wavelength compared to RF
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light techniques are extremely directional
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Potential of smaller sizes
Peer-Peer
RF techniques can be more omni directional
Directionality Brings the problem of alignment
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Future Work
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Design of multi hop network
Autonomous network configuration
Data Fusion
Network Decision making
Large Scale Distributed Processing
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Links
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http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/5269/1.html
http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/
http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,27573,00.html
http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,44101,00.html
http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~warneke/SmartDust/
http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~glaser/Current%20Civil%20Applications.ppt
http://madmax.me.berkeley.edu/%7Eshadr/overview.html
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That is all folks!
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