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Smart Dust Mohammad Rahimi CSCI599-Spring2002 1 Back to future! Colonies of smart ultra small size network Interaction of advances in technology VLSI more condense silicon processing VLSI more silicon speed VLSI low power short range communication MEMS Micro-Electromechanical Systems Networking : Ad hoc wireless Network Distributed Processing : Operating system, Database 2 Wow! 3 Applications It is a special class of sensor network Fine sensing granularity Applications : Forest fire warning Enemy troop monitoring Large scale Biology or Geology Smart office spaces Defense-related sensor networks Inventory Control 4 5 6 Circulatory Net Group of sensors inside the body 7 Key Features of these electronic particles Power Survive for extended amount of time Computation Sensors Process Sensor Data and Communicate To Interface to the environment Communication To glue the pieces of information 8 What is really behind the race? Computer Science! Ad hoc Networking Data Fusion Dynamic Reconfigurable network Scalability An efficient semantic to diffuse data in the network Interpretation of multimodal sensing Distributed Processing Network Oriented Operating Systems Data Aggregation 9 Come Back to Reality! COTS Dust Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components Dust To enable us the research about the algorithms and semantics 10 Architecture Low Power Communication Front End 1-Acoustic 2-RF 3-Optical Computation Brain 1-MCU 2-FPGA Sensors 1-Magnetometer 2- Light 3-temperature 4-pressure 5-Hmidity 6-Acceleration Power 1-Bat 2-Sollar 3-Vibration 4-Acoustic Noise 11 Architecture 12 Power Power: Lithium Battery Big Problem Low capacity per unit of mass and volume Needs support by sleep mechanism and low power techniques Not really so much innovation after Volta! Solar Vibration Acoustic noise Thermal conversion Nuclear Reaction Fuel Cells 13 Computation Computation: ATMEL91M404000 Micro Controller Core and variety of different functions Flash , SRAM , E2PROM GPIO , ADC , PWM ,Comparator Embedded serial Buses Ex: Microcontrollers Atmel , Microchip, Motorola Microprocessors Intel Strong-Arms ,Motorola FPGA Not Traditional Style Of programming Hardware Descriptive Languages (VHDL, Verilog) Faster , Low Power , Reconfigurable Ex: Xilix,Atmel 14 Sensors Motion Sensing Magnetometer Accelerometer Study 3 Element of Earth Magnetic field (Compass) To measure Local vertical (tilt switch) or measure motion vectors Environmental Sensing(Weather Monitoring) Pressure Barometer Temperature Light Humidity 15 Communication Acoustic RF radio Optical Passive Active 16 Acoustic Communication Power Hungry High Background Noise Large Size (proportional to harmonics of sound) Fast Attenuation Curve Low communication baud rate Low power receiver Good for event driven wake up systems 17 RF Communication New low power techniques ISM Band For practical frequencies large ANT Size(~λ) Not robust (No fancy Spread Spectrum) It may have a tail!! Only one RF front end MCU acts as base band controller CRC,Encoding(Manchester),DC Balance,Header 18 RF Communication Train Sequence Flag Byte Number OF Byte DATA CRC •No Addressing 19 Optical Communication Active High power laser source Transmission of modulated laser beam Passive MEMS Corner Cube Reflector Emit modulated ambient light Extremely low power 20 21 Optical Vs. RF Both mature technology Both Electromagnetic waves light is quiet short wavelength compared to RF light techniques are extremely directional Potential of smaller sizes Peer-Peer RF techniques can be more omni directional Directionality Brings the problem of alignment 22 Future Work Design of multi hop network Autonomous network configuration Data Fusion Network Decision making Large Scale Distributed Processing 23 Links http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/5269/1.html http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,27573,00.html http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,44101,00.html http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~warneke/SmartDust/ http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~glaser/Current%20Civil%20Applications.ppt http://madmax.me.berkeley.edu/%7Eshadr/overview.html 24 That is all folks! 25