Download 名丘，字尼。春秋后期伟大的思想家、教育家

Module 5 Reading and Vocabulary
Philosophers of
Ancient China
孔子（前551～前479）
名丘，字尼。春秋后期
伟大的思想家、教育家，
儒家的创始人。鲁国人。
是儒家学派的创始人，
提出了“仁”的思想，是
中国古代著名的思想家
和教育家。
Confucius
孟子(前372—前
289)名轲，战国中
期鲁国邹人。受业
于子思(孔子之孙，
名)之门人，曾游
历于宋、滕、魏、
齐等国，阐述他的
政治主张，还曾在
齐为卿。晚年退而
著书，传世有《孟
子》七篇。他是战
国中期儒家的代表。
Mencius
墨翟（公元前
476—390），人
们尊称墨子。他
是战国初年的鲁
国人，大约生于
公元前476年，
死于公元前390
年。
Mozi
equal important look after philosopher philosophy
ruler state teachings thinker treat war
In ancient China, private teachers traveled from state to
s_______
explaining their p________
tate
hilosophy Confucius was the
most important of the ancient Chinese p________
hilosophers
Confucius’s t_________
eaching influenced society for more than
hinkers included Mencius
2000 years. Other important t_______
and Mozi. All three teachers believed in the i_________
mportance
of kindness and good government. Mencius’s ideas were
very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozi’s
t_________
eachings were very different. For example, he hated
ar
the idea of w_____
and believed that strong people should
l_________
ook after weaker people.
1. Man
is born good
人之初性本善。
2. All
human beings are equal.
众生平等。
3. The
family is important. We are members
家庭重要，我们是群体的成员。
of a group.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
4. Treat
others in the way you want to treated.
5. People
are more important than rulers
民为贵，君为轻。
6. We
should love all human beings.
我们应爱所有的人。
Match the words with the definitions:
1. an idea that influences the way you behave principle
_______
2. to start an organisation or philosophy
_______
found
3. the feeling that something is true and exists _______
belief
4. when people obey laws and rules and do not
cause trouble
______
order
5. to look after children until they are adults bring
_______
up
6. give a lot of importance to
_______
stress
7. job
_______
position
8. doing what he suggested
follow____________
one’s advice
9. tell your employer that you are going to leave your jo
_______
resign
adviser
10. someone who gives advice
________
influencial
11. having a lot of influence
________
Read the passage in three minutes and
say T or F to the following statements:
1. Confucius lived in a country where
there was no war a long time ago. F
2. Confucius was a philosopher whose influence has
been the greatest for more than 2000 years. T
3. Mencius was a student taught by Confucius. F
4. Some rulers followed the advice which was given
by Mencius. F
5. Mozi was a man who lived an unusual life. T
1. Whose influence has been the greatest among all the
philosophers of ancient China?
A. Mencius B. Mozi
C. Confucius
D. Zhuangzi
2. Confucius stressed the importance of the following
aspects except__________
A. Kindness
B. friendship C. order D. duty
3. Which is NOT the right statement about Mozi?
A. He was known for his unusual clothes and behavior.
B. He hated the idea of war.
C. All his beliefs were the same as Confucius.
D. He believed all men were equal.
4. “If the government was kind, then people would
be good.” is the teaching of _________.
A. Mencius
C. Mozi
B.Confucius
D. Xunzi
5. Which belief by Mozi was similar to that of
Confucius?
A. We should love all human beings.
B. The government shouldn’t treat people badly.
C. We should look after those who are weaker than
ourselves.
D. The government was most important.
6. What’s main idea of the passage?
A. The author wants to make people believe in the
teachings by thinkers of ancient.
B. The author wants to introduce three influential
philosophers of ancient China.
C. The author wants to tell interesting stories about
three important teachers in ancient China.
D. The author wants to show the history of
philosophy in ancient China.
7. Which shows the right order of time when the three
great thinkers lived?
A. Confucius--- Mencius ---Mozi B.Mencius----Mozi---Confucius
C. Confucius---Mozi---Mencius
Confucius
D.Mozi--- Mencius---
8. From the text we can infer that___________
A. Only in time of war could philosophers produce great
teaching.
B. It was not easy to find a state where people would
follow the thinker's teaching.
C. Great philosophers must have been born in poor
families.
D. Influential philosophers wouldn’t agree with each other.
Scan the text for some important information:
People
year of
birth
important
ideas
length of
living
Confucius
551 BC
Mencius
Mozi
372 BC
476 BC
kindness, Man is good;
duty;order People would
in society be good；
people were
more important
72
83
men were equal;
love for the
Weak; hate the
idea of war
86
Retell the whole passage according
to the table.