Download Chapter 13 Section 1 Golden Ages of China

Chapter 13
Lesson 1 Golden ages of China
I Dynasties of China
A. Dynasty-Series of rulers from the same family
B. China has been ruled by many different dynasties
(until early 1920’s)
C. Han dynasty ruled from 206 BC to AD 220. After
collapse China broke up into kingdoms
D. Sui Dynasty ruled from 518 AD to 618 AD. United
North and South for the first time
E. Tang Dynasty
Tang overthrew Sui in 618 and ruled for 300 years
2. Capital was Chang’an. City had a population of about
1 million
3. Culture included music, art and poetry
4. Finished the Grand Canal, which connected
Northern and Southern China. This allowed farmers
to get grain to the capital. It linked the Huang and
Chiang rivers
1.
5. Greatest ruler was Tang Taizong (p. 366)
a. Reformed government by using Confucius’s ideas
in government
b. Gave land to peasant farmers
6. Used Silk Road trade routes
7. Studied science and created inventions (gunpowder,
vaccines)
8. 850 AD-control of westernmost lands had weakened.
Fighting among groups caused the end of dynasty
F. Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty ruled from 960 AD to 1279 AD (300
years)
2. Capital was moved to Hangzhou
3. Used merit system to improve government (tests
were given to prove a person’s ability to do a job.
Ability over wealth)
4. Improved Agriculture
a. developed a new strain of rice, better irrigation
systems
b. result was 2 crops could be grown a year (surplus)
1.
5. Culture included art, music and poetry
6 Artists created paintings on silk and porcelain (p364,
368)
7. Used silk road trade routes
8. Developed printing press using movable type in 1045.
More books became available and more people learned
to read
9. Studied science and created inventions
II. Mongols Conquer China
A. Mongols
1. Mongols were nomads from the plains of Central
Asia
2. Fierce warriors
3. Excellent horse riding skills
4. Loyalty to tribe (traveled in tribes because of
safety)
5. Tribes were united under Genghis Khan
B. Genghis Khan
His Father was killed when he was a pre-teen
2. Tribe moved on without his family ( mother and his
siblings had to survive on their own)
3. Developed a reputation as a warrior and
leader(family survived with him as their leader)
4. Mongols united together under his leadership for the
purpose of creating a Mongol empire
1.
C. Mongols in China
1209- Began the takeover of Northern China (wanted
control because it had been a source of supplies )
2. 1215- Had control of Northern China-Southern China
resisted
3. 1227 –Genghis Khan died
1.
D. Kublai Khan
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Genghis Khan’s grandson
1259- He came into power
It took 20 years to gain control of the South
He established Beijing as the capital and declared
himself emperor
He named the rule of China by the Mongols the Yuan
Dynasty
E. China under Mongol Rule
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Centralized government-Mongols ruled on every
level (foreigners ruled in China over Chinese-Marco
Polo)
Kept own language and customs rather than adopt
Chinese
Allowed many religions to be practiced
Established 1st all paper money system
Mail system
Good roads-guards protected Silk Road
Expanded Grand Canal
He died in 1294 (born in 1215)
F. After Kublai Khan
China did not prosper under the rule of later Khans.
Mongols began to adopt ways of the people they
conquered
2. 1368-Chinese peasant led a revolt to overthrow the
Mongols
3 Once land was back in the hands of the Chinese, vowed
never to let outsiders rule China. This is the start of
Ming dynasty (lasted 276 years)
4. Would later rebuild Great Wall when Mongols would
make one last attempt to regain power. Would cut off all
sea trade
1.