Download Faraz A ch.21

Faraz A.
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alism
Who Was Confucius and what
was his 5 basic relations?
 Confucius was the most famous philosopher and
teacher in Chinese history.
 He also was a government official
 He greatly influenced politics in China
 The 5 basic relations are ruler and subject,
 Father and son, elder brother and younger
 brother, husband and wife, and friend and
 friend.
What was China like During His
Life? How should people act in
those basic relations?
 In ancient China there was disorder and the lords
fought for power.
 It was a time when China was being sliced into
feudal states by the warlord who raised armies,
waged battles, exploited slave laborers, and heavily
taxed people.
 Basic relations being nice to the subjects, father
son, elder and younger brother, husband and wife,
and friend and friend.
What Influence Did Confucius
have on The Chinese
Government?
 Because of the influence of Confucius,
civil servants under the Han were hired
on the basis of their ability. Before
being hired, they were expected to
know the Chinese classic in detail.
Daoism: Who was Laozi?
 Laozi was an author of a book and a
Philosopher. He was also an advisor to the
Zhou court.
 He was known as one of the three pure
ones. He is a central figure in Chinese
history.
According to Daoism, how
should people behave?
 People should behave by gaining happiness
and peace by living in harmony, or
agreement, with the way of nature. Taoist
believed in immortality, or eternal life.
What are Yin and Yang? According
to Taoists, how should rulers
behave?
 Yin means “shadowed” and yang means “sunlit”. In the
same way, human life is a whole made up of opposites.
Its is impossible to have good without bad, beauty
without ugliness, or pleasure without pain.
 Rulers should behave by living naturally and following
the Dao. In Daoism the best rulers were those who
ruled the least.
Legalism: Who was Hanfeizi?
 Hanfeizi was a loyal prince of the royal
family of the state of Han. Hanfeizi lived to
see the end of the warring states period and
of the Zhou dynasty. He was very concerned
with creating peace and order in society. But
he did not think the Confucian teachings
about proper behavior were the answer.
According to Hanfeizi, what was the
only way to create a strong
society?
 There would be strict laws and enforce them with
rewards for good behavior and harsh punishment for
bad behavior.
 Civil servants would be watched carefully and
punished for doing a poor job. People caught
criticizing the government should be banished to
Chinas far northern frontier.
How did Hanfeizi believe a ruler should
govern?
Hanfeizi believed rulers should govern with
strict laws and harsh rules, rulers couldn’t
trust anyone not even their own family.
Rulers should have absolute power over the
military.
 Rulers were frequently overthrown so
Hanfeizi set rules.

How did the Qin dynasty apply
the teachings of Hanfeizi?
 Qin rulers admired Hanfeizi and they wanted a strong
central government. They also wanted a well organized
society.
 Strict legalist ideas. People were forbidden to criticize
the government. Anyone caught doing would be
severely punished. Many were put to death for
disloyalty and other crimes.
Conclusion
 Confucius taught peace and order depended on proper
behavior.
 Taoists believed that people should live simply and in
harmony with people.
 Legalist believed that people were driven their own self
interest, rulers could create order only through strict
laws and harsh punishment.
Links to an Outside Source
 http://www.chinavoc.com/history/dongzho
u/confucius. (Confucianism)
 http://www.crystalinks.com/laozi.html
(Daoism)
 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi
c/334895/Legalism (Legalism)
Citations
 Frey, Wendy. "History Alive! The Ancient World | TCI." K-
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12 Social Studies | TCI. Web. 02 May 2011.
<http://www.teachtci.com/programs/middle/ha-theancient-world/>.
"Legalism." Https://humanities-7thgrade.wikispaces.com/legalism. Web. 02 May 2011.
<https://humanities-7th-grade.wikispaces.com/legalism>.
"Legalism." Washington State University - Pullman,
Washington. Web. 02 May 2011.
http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHPHIL/LEGALISM.HTM
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