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CHAPTER 16
History and Culture of East Asia
A. Historic Traditions in China
China’s civilizations are the earliest in the world
to survive to modern times
1.
a.
b.
They are the oldest continuous civilizations in the
world
Korea & Japan – old civilizations also, but China’s
are the oldest
Middle Kingdom – China’ leaders name for
their country – they believed it was “center of
universe”
2.
Great wall began during this time
a.
1.
2.
Series of smaller walls between warring kingdoms
Symbol of China’s desire
to be separate
from rest of
world
Great Inventions – paper, gun powder (fireworks),
silk weaving, magnetic compass, printing press,
clockworks
3.
a.
Experts at canal digging, dam and bridge building,
irrigation systems, etc.
Dynasties – China was ruled by emperors (male
rules of empires)
4.
Dynasties – series of emperors from same family
a.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Chinese history in terms of dynasties
Shang Dynasty – well-developed writing,
first Chinese calendar, bronze casting
Zhou Dynasty – writing laws, iron tools and plows
Qin Dynasty – much of Great Wall built
Han Dynasty – government based on
Confucius
a.
Confucius – if people act correctly –
will have peace & harmony
6.
7.
8.
9.
Tang Dynasty – Sculpture & poetry
Song Dynasty – block printing (printing
press) &
paper money developed, gun powder
Ming Dynasty – Porcelain,
the novel, drama
Qing Dynasty – Increased trade
with Europe, last dynasty
2000 years ago – trade important for ancient
Chinese civilizations, dynasties
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Silk Road linked China with Europe – routes went
throughout Asia
Traded silks, spices, glass, wool, gold and silver to
East
Traded ideas and cultures – cultural diffusion
Source of wealth for China and other parts of Asia,
but brought interest and invasion as well
Histories of Korea & China –
tied together
5.
Chinese histories grew up
around
central river systems, Huang and Chang rivers allowed
civilizations to grow, spread
1200 B.C. – Chinese moved to Korean peninsula, brought their
knowledge & customs
Dynasties ruled Korea, only 3
a.
b.
c.
1.
Shilla – 1st dynasty, unified Korea
Japan – clans fought for power
6.
a.
closely
Laws made by shoguns
Westerners come to Asia
7.
Asia didn’t want to trade with many nations, Silk road
had ended around 1200
a.
1.
2.
US – used force to make Japan trade with US
European countries – conquered parts of China, used it for
resources
a.
b.
3.
US – 1899 policy that China should be free for all – was for a
while
1911 – revolution ended emperor and created republic
Civil War in China – communists won, creating communist
rule in China which still exists
Japan – wanted power & attacked other countries
(Asian and beyond) in beginning of WWII for
resources
b.
1.
Defeated by US in 1945 - dropped nuclear bombs
Korea – divided into two parts after WWII, North
Korea invaded S. Korea to make it communist
c.
1.
2.
US sent 480,000 troops to help keep it safe
Lasted 3 years, killed over 2 million Koreans
B. East Asia’s People
China – Han ethnic group – most people in
China can trace their ancestry to Han
1.
Common language, different dialect
Other Chinese come from 55 different minority
groups
a.
b.
1.
2.
Live in the western & southern parts of China
One of most ethnically
diverse nations in world
2. Japan and Korea – few
minorities
a. Korea – homogenous population with few
minorities
b. Japan – island nation that was isolated for years
1. Leaders want to keep country unified
2. One of most homogenous
populations in world
3. Strict rules on
immigration make it
hard for people to be
citizens
Korea – changing as women
more rights (to work and vote)
3.
a.
b.
Family still very important, extended families live
together in rural areas
Modern ways in cities
Japan – most modern of
East Asian countries
4.
a.
b.
c.
have
More modern technology
80% live in urban areas
Follow traditional roles in the home