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Aim: How did strong rulers contribute to the growth of China? KEY TERMS The Han Dynasty Civil Service Examination Silk Road Cultural Diffusion Coach Smith The Han dynasty was an important Chinese dynasty. Coach Smith The Han Dynasty The Han dynasty unified China for over four hundred years. Han emperors ruled China from 206 B.C. to 220 A.D. The Han dynasty is frequently compared to the Roman Empire. Coach Smith Han emperors expanded China’s borders and increased trade. Coach Smith Confucianism During the Han dynasty, Confucianism began the official philosophy of China. Confucianism stressed the importance of individuals knowing and doing what was expected of them. Confucius taught that social order led to peace and harmony in society. Coach Smith Confucius believed in the importance of the social order. He believed that an orderly society was a harmonious society. Coach Smith Civil Service Examination During the Han dynasty, a civil service examination based on Confucianism was established. In order to work in the Chinese government, a man had to pass an examination on Chinese history and Confucianism. Only scholars could work in the government. Coach Smith To work for the government, a Chinese man had to pass a difficult examination. By establishing a civil service examination, education was emphasized. Coach Smith Overland Trade During the Han dynasty, merchants established overland trade routes to other centers of civilization. The Silk Road went through Central Asia to the Middle East. The Silk Road was a famous Chinese trading route. Coach Smith The Silk Road was a famous Chinese trading route. Coach Smith Cultural Diffusion Cultural diffusion is the exchange of cultural ideas and/or objects. The Silk Road encouraged cultural diffusion. Chinese ideas and objects were introduced to other cultures. Coach Smith The Chinese invented the compass and many other wonderful objects. Coach Smith Chinese contact with India led to the introduction of Buddhism in China. Coach Smith Questions for Reflection: Why is the Han dynasty frequently compared to the Roman Empire? Why did Han emperors establish a civil service examination? What philosophy became the official philosophy of China during the Han dynasty? Why did the Silk Road increase cultural diffusion? Coach Smith