Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
China - Chapter 14:ii - [Image source: http://www.nga.gov.au/TTTsui/Images/LRG/5237.jpg] [Image source: http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/1xarsui1.jpg] A northern official named Yang Jian unified China by conquering both the north and the south. Yang Jian took the title Emperor Wen when he founded the Sui dynasty. [Image source: http://chineseswords.freewebspace.com/images/suiguards.jpg] [Image source: http://www.artcn.net/ca/cap/ataoqi143.jpg] Emperor Wen renewed many of the goals and traditions of the Han dynasty. He rebuilt the Han capital of Changan. [Image source: http://www.arch.nus.edu.sg/SOA/CASA/changan1.jpg] [Image source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/changan.gif] Emperor Wen rebuilt the Great Wall of China. [Image source: http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~agenhtml/agenmc/china/images/scenery/gw0.gif] Emperor Wen constructed a Grand Canal to link southern and Northern China. [Image source: http://www.cis.umassd.edu/~gleun g/geofo/xyunhe1.jpg] [Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/maps/canal.gif] Most of these projects were done using corvee labour, which made him very unpopular with the peasantry. [Image source: http://egyptianchronicles.freewebsitehosting.com/DIGGINGTHESUEZCANAL5.html] Eventually, peasant revolts destabilized the Sui government. [Image source: http://www.cctv.com/english/TouchChina/GloryofChineseCivilization/Literature/images/20020722100020_2_li2.jpg] [Image source: http://www.chinatranslate.net/china/img/china-13.jpg] The rebellious lord Li Yuan seized control from the Sui dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor of China. Li Yuan established the Tang dynasty, which lasted from 618 to 907 A.D. [Image source: http://www.pitt.edu/~asian/week-10/10-2.JPG] Tai Cong, a son of Li Yuan, was the military genius behind the early Tang expansion. [Image source: http://www.wwnorton.com/nrl/english/nawol/maps/MAP11CHI.JPG] Aside from being a gifted military leader, Tai Cong was also a shrewd administrator. [Image source: http://www.imagesonline.bl.uk/britishlibrary-store/Components/64/6404_1.jpg] Candidates for government service had to pass a series of civil service examinations. [Image source: http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln471/Images471/exam.jpg] These tests measured the degree to which a scholar had mastered the Confucian Classics. [Image source: http://www.wickedwinks.com/uni/confucious.jpg] [Image source: http://www.nawpublishing.com/ChinesePub.htm] The Tang bureaucracy became a meritocracy – a system where people are chosen and promoted based on talent and performance. Tang rulers built roads and improved navigation, which made governing the empire easier. These roads increased trade and brought prosperity. [Image source: http://www.chineseartnet.com/ymy/life52.jpg] Camel caravans carried the wealth of the Orient to markets in the West along the Silk Road. [Image source: http://www.frankdux.de/images/travel/asia/silkroadtwo/_takla.jpg] Foreign products and ideas, such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam came to China along the Silk Road. [Image source: http://gallery.sjsu.edu/silkroad/map.htm] Buddhism became very popular in China during the Tang dynasty. [Image source: http://www.achinatravel.com/travel _china/Feature/images/fj.jpg] Empress Wu, the wife of Gaozong, virtually ruled China during the last-half of the 600s A.D. [Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/te aching/311/week10/wuzetian.htm] [Image source: http://chinese-armour.freewebspace.com/images/tang_armoured_troops3.jpg] Empress Wu expanded the bureaucracy and strengthened the military. Later emperors, such as Xuanzang, became great patrons of the arts. [Image source: http://www.nyu.edu/fas/summer/nanjing/TangDce.jpg] Tang artisans were most renowned for their ceramics, especially a fine translucent pottery known in the West as “china.” [Image source: http://www.talariaenterprises.com/images2/4325a.jpg] Du Fu and Li Bo, two of China’s greatest poets, flourished during the Tang. [Image source: http://plaza.ufl.edu/recon/projects/project2/poetry/chinese/dufu.jpg] A SPRING VIEW Though a country be sundered, hills and rivers endure; And spring comes green again to trees and grasses Where petals have been shed like tears And lonely birds have sung their grief. . . . After the war-fires of three months, One message from home is worth a ton of gold. . . . I stroke my white hair. It has grown too thin To hold the hairpins any more. Tang scholars compiled dictionaries and encyclopedias, and produced histories of China. [Image source: http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/callig/7tangstl.htm] Buddhist monks developed a technique of block printing, which facilitated the production of books. [Image source: http://www.nawpublishing.com/ChinesePub.htm] Wars with Turkish and Tibetan neighbors, as well as rebellions in famine-stricken provinces, plagued the Tang dynasty after 755 A.D. [Image source: http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/MountedWarriors.jpg] The Tang dynasty finally collapsed in 907 A.D. [Image source: http://www.cctv.com/english/TouchChina/GloryofChineseCivilization/Literature/images/20020722100020_2_li2.jpg] Between 907 and 960 A.D. China was ruled by a succession of military dynasties. [Image source: http://www.dbaol.com/images/faces/849_face.jpg] The Song dynasty was founded when General Zhao Kuangyin seized the throne and crowned himself emperor. [Image source: http://id.chinabroadcast.cn/mmsource/images/2004/08/19/s5.jpg] [Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T028711A.gif] Song scholars developed an official statephilosophy called neoConfucianism. [Image source: http://www.uwec.edu/greider/WorldReligions/Confucius.jpg] Eventually a wealthy elite of Confucian scholars known as mandarins came to control the state bureaucracy. [Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/confucian4.html] Examination cubicle [Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/confucian3.html] Song rulers used state revenues to fund irrigation projects and canals. [Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/images/irrigation_big.jpg] Urban centers prospered as farming, trade, and commerce thrived. [Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/e con/manufac/bridge.gif] Hangzhou, the capital of Song China, had over one million residents. [Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/econ/im/street.gif] Song artists were renowned for their landscape paintings. [Image source: http://www.red-peony.com/images/song-pipa.jpg] Inventors developed tools that made it possible for Song sailors to navigate out of the sight of land. [Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/images/chicompass_big.jpg] Gunpowder was first used in fireworks at this time. [Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Chinese_rocket.gif] The Mongols conquered north China in 1234 A.D. [Image source: http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/images/mongolarcher.jpg] The remnant of the Song dynasty that survived in southern China eventually fell in 1279 A.D. [Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T028711A.gif] The Mongols established the Yűan dynasty in the 1200s A.D. [Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/yuan/hunting.gif] [Image source: http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty/dynasty-Yuan.jpg] [Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pastoral/cookout.gif] Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, ruled China from 1260 to 1294 A.D. The highest positions in the Yuan court were given to Mongols or foreigners. [Image source: http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/4_3-2b.jpg} Marco Polo visited the court of Kublai Khan and wrote about his travels in the Orient. [Image source: http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/images/Marco0.gif] Route of Marco Polo, circa 1271-1297 [Image source: http://www.askasia.org/silk_roads/l000098/images/map2a.gif] [Image source: http://www.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ausstellung/marco.polo.jpg] Under the Mongols, trade between China, Europe, and Southwest Asia flourished. [Image source: http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/exhibit/trade/trade_routes.jpg] On more than one occasion the Mongols attempted to invade and conquer the island empire of Japan. [Image source: http://samourais.free.fr/Mongols_2.jpg] Kublai Khan was succeeded by a series of weak rulers. [Image source: http://www.chinapage.com/emperor/yuan1008.jpg] In 1368 A.D. a Buddhist Monk led a rebellion which succeeded in overthrowing the Yűan dynasty. [Image source: http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/catalog.html]