Download China - Chapter 14:ii -

China
- Chapter 14:ii -
[Image source: http://www.nga.gov.au/TTTsui/Images/LRG/5237.jpg]
[Image source:
http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/1xarsui1.jpg]
A northern
official
named
Yang Jian
unified
China by
conquering
both the
north and
the south.
Yang Jian
took the title
Emperor
Wen when
he founded
the Sui
dynasty.
[Image source: http://chineseswords.freewebspace.com/images/suiguards.jpg]
[Image source:
http://www.artcn.net/ca/cap/ataoqi143.jpg]
Emperor
Wen
renewed
many of the
goals and
traditions
of the Han
dynasty.
He rebuilt the Han capital
of Changan.
[Image source: http://www.arch.nus.edu.sg/SOA/CASA/changan1.jpg]
[Image source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/changan.gif]
Emperor Wen rebuilt the
Great Wall of China.
[Image source:
http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~agenhtml/agenmc/china/images/scenery/gw0.gif]
Emperor Wen
constructed a
Grand Canal
to link
southern and
Northern
China.
[Image source:
http://www.cis.umassd.edu/~gleun
g/geofo/xyunhe1.jpg]
[Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/maps/canal.gif]
Most of these projects were done
using corvee labour, which made him
very unpopular with the peasantry.
[Image source:
http://egyptianchronicles.freewebsitehosting.com/DIGGINGTHESUEZCANAL5.html]
Eventually, peasant revolts
destabilized the Sui government.
[Image source: http://www.cctv.com/english/TouchChina/GloryofChineseCivilization/Literature/images/20020722100020_2_li2.jpg]
[Image source:
http://www.chinatranslate.net/china/img/china-13.jpg]
The rebellious
lord Li Yuan
seized control
from the Sui
dynasty and
proclaimed
himself
emperor of
China.
Li Yuan established the Tang dynasty,
which lasted from 618 to 907 A.D.
[Image source: http://www.pitt.edu/~asian/week-10/10-2.JPG]
Tai Cong, a son of Li Yuan, was the military
genius behind the early Tang expansion.
[Image source: http://www.wwnorton.com/nrl/english/nawol/maps/MAP11CHI.JPG]
Aside from being a gifted military leader,
Tai Cong was also a shrewd administrator.
[Image source: http://www.imagesonline.bl.uk/britishlibrary-store/Components/64/6404_1.jpg]
Candidates for
government
service had to
pass a series of
civil service
examinations.
[Image source:
http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln471/Images471/exam.jpg]
These tests
measured the
degree to which
a scholar had
mastered the
Confucian
Classics.
[Image source:
http://www.wickedwinks.com/uni/confucious.jpg]
[Image source: http://www.nawpublishing.com/ChinesePub.htm]
The Tang bureaucracy became a meritocracy
– a system where people are chosen and
promoted based on talent and performance.
Tang rulers built roads and improved navigation,
which made governing the empire easier. These
roads increased trade and brought prosperity.
[Image source: http://www.chineseartnet.com/ymy/life52.jpg]
Camel caravans carried the wealth of the Orient
to markets in the West along the Silk Road.
[Image source: http://www.frankdux.de/images/travel/asia/silkroadtwo/_takla.jpg]
Foreign products and ideas, such as
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam
came to China along the Silk Road.
[Image source: http://gallery.sjsu.edu/silkroad/map.htm]
Buddhism
became very
popular in
China during
the Tang
dynasty.
[Image source:
http://www.achinatravel.com/travel
_china/Feature/images/fj.jpg]
Empress Wu,
the wife of
Gaozong,
virtually
ruled China
during the
last-half of
the 600s A.D.
[Image source:
http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/te
aching/311/week10/wuzetian.htm]
[Image source: http://chinese-armour.freewebspace.com/images/tang_armoured_troops3.jpg]
Empress Wu expanded the bureaucracy
and strengthened the military.
Later emperors, such as Xuanzang,
became great patrons of the arts.
[Image source: http://www.nyu.edu/fas/summer/nanjing/TangDce.jpg]
Tang artisans
were most
renowned for
their ceramics,
especially a fine
translucent
pottery known
in the West as
“china.”
[Image source:
http://www.talariaenterprises.com/images2/4325a.jpg]
Du Fu and Li Bo, two of China’s greatest
poets, flourished during the Tang.
[Image source: http://plaza.ufl.edu/recon/projects/project2/poetry/chinese/dufu.jpg]
A SPRING VIEW
Though a country be sundered,
hills and rivers endure;
And spring comes green again to trees and grasses
Where petals have been shed like tears
And lonely birds have sung their grief.
. . . After the war-fires of three months,
One message from home is worth a ton of gold.
. . . I stroke my white hair. It has grown too thin
To hold the hairpins any more.
Tang scholars
compiled
dictionaries and
encyclopedias,
and produced
histories of
China.
[Image source:
http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/callig/7tangstl.htm]
Buddhist monks developed a
technique of block printing, which
facilitated the production of books.
[Image source: http://www.nawpublishing.com/ChinesePub.htm]
Wars with Turkish and Tibetan neighbors, as well
as rebellions in famine-stricken provinces, plagued
the Tang dynasty after 755 A.D.
[Image source: http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/MountedWarriors.jpg]
The Tang dynasty finally collapsed in 907 A.D.
[Image source: http://www.cctv.com/english/TouchChina/GloryofChineseCivilization/Literature/images/20020722100020_2_li2.jpg]
Between 907 and 960 A.D. China was ruled
by a succession of military dynasties.
[Image source: http://www.dbaol.com/images/faces/849_face.jpg]
The Song
dynasty was
founded when
General Zhao
Kuangyin seized
the throne and
crowned himself
emperor.
[Image source:
http://id.chinabroadcast.cn/mmsource/images/2004/08/19/s5.jpg]
[Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T028711A.gif]
Song scholars
developed an
official statephilosophy
called neoConfucianism.
[Image source: http://www.uwec.edu/greider/WorldReligions/Confucius.jpg]
Eventually a
wealthy elite of
Confucian
scholars known
as mandarins
came to control
the state
bureaucracy.
[Image source:
http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/confucian4.html]
Examination cubicle
[Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/confucian3.html]
Song rulers
used state
revenues
to fund
irrigation
projects and
canals.
[Image source:
http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/images/irrigation_big.jpg]
Urban
centers
prospered
as farming,
trade, and
commerce
thrived.
[Image source:
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/e
con/manufac/bridge.gif]
Hangzhou, the capital of Song China,
had over one million residents.
[Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/econ/im/street.gif]
Song artists were renowned
for their landscape paintings.
[Image source: http://www.red-peony.com/images/song-pipa.jpg]
Inventors developed tools that made it possible for
Song sailors to navigate out of the sight of land.
[Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/images/chicompass_big.jpg]
Gunpowder
was first
used in
fireworks at
this time.
[Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Chinese_rocket.gif]
The Mongols
conquered
north China
in 1234 A.D.
[Image source: http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/images/mongolarcher.jpg]
The remnant of the Song dynasty that survived
in southern China eventually fell in 1279 A.D.
[Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T028711A.gif]
The Mongols established the
Yűan dynasty in the 1200s A.D.
[Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/yuan/hunting.gif]
[Image source: http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty/dynasty-Yuan.jpg]
[Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pastoral/cookout.gif]
Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan,
ruled China from 1260 to 1294 A.D.
The highest positions in the Yuan court
were given to Mongols or foreigners.
[Image source: http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/4_3-2b.jpg}
Marco Polo
visited the
court of
Kublai Khan
and wrote
about his
travels in the
Orient.
[Image source:
http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/images/Marco0.gif]
Route of Marco Polo, circa 1271-1297
[Image source: http://www.askasia.org/silk_roads/l000098/images/map2a.gif]
[Image source: http://www.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ausstellung/marco.polo.jpg]
Under the Mongols, trade between China,
Europe, and Southwest Asia flourished.
[Image source: http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/exhibit/trade/trade_routes.jpg]
On more than
one occasion
the Mongols
attempted to
invade and
conquer the
island empire
of Japan.
[Image source:
http://samourais.free.fr/Mongols_2.jpg]
Kublai
Khan was
succeeded
by a series
of weak
rulers.
[Image source:
http://www.chinapage.com/emperor/yuan1008.jpg]
In 1368 A.D. a Buddhist Monk led
a rebellion which succeeded in
overthrowing the Yűan dynasty.
[Image source: http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/catalog.html]