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Main Idea:
The Sui and Tang dynasties reunited
and rebuilt China after years of war.
After the
Han empire
ended,
1.China
broke into
17
kingdoms
and war
and
poverty
were
everywhere
.
2.Warlords
, or
military
leaders
who run a
government
, fought
with each
other
3.Nomads
invaded
and
conquered
parts of
northern
China.
4.The
people of
the
Korean
peninsula
ended
Chinese
rule by
breaking
away and
built their
own
separate
civilization
.
►China
was finally
united by
a Chinese
general
named
Wendi,
who
founded
the a new
dynasty
called the
Sui.
►After
Wendi died, his son
Yangdi became emperor.
►Yangdi
tried to expand and improve China’s
territory in the following ways:
1. He sent an
army to fight the
Koreans but
was defeated.
2. He had the
Great Wall
rebuilt.
3. He built the
Grand Canal linking
the Chan Jiang and
Huang He Rivers which
became an important
route for shipping
products between
north and south.
►
4. Yangdi improved China’s economy.
►An
economy is an organized way in
which people produce, sell, and buy
things.
►Yangdi
made many Chinese angry for the
following reasons:
 1. He placed hardships on the people by forcing
them to work on the Great Wall and Grand Canal.
►2.
He made the people pay high taxes
to pay for his projects.
Finally, the farmers revolted, the army took control, and
Yangdi was killed. The Sui dynasty ended.
► In
A.D.618, one of
Yangdi’s generals took
over China and set up
the Tang dynasty.
► It’s capital, Changan,
became a magnificent
city with one million
people.
► The most powerful
Tang emperor was
named Taizong.
►
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In the late A.D. 600s,
a woman named Wu
Zetian ruled China.
She was the only woman
in history to rule China
on her own.
She added more
officials to the
government and
strengthened the
military forces.
►
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Taizong and other Tang rulers worked to strengthen
China and make reforms.
Reforms are changes that bring about improvements.
Reforms made by the Tang included:
Restored the civil service exam system making
government officials positions based on how well they did
on exams rather than family connections.
Gave land to farmers and brought order to the
countryside.
Strengthened the military forces.
Expanded China’s territory in the west and took control
of the Silk Road
Marched into Korea and forced the Korean kingdoms to
pay tribute.
►Tribute
is a special kind
of tax that one
country pays to another
to be left alone.
new group of nomads,
the Turks, drove the Tang
armies out of central Asia,
took control of the
Silk Road, and damaged
China’s economy.
►After
300 years of rule,
the Tang began
to have problems.
►A
►Revolts
and disorder
among the people
brought down the
Tang dynasty.
►50
years after the fall of
the Tang, a military general
declared himself emperor
and set up the Song dynasty.
►The
Song ruled from
A.D.960-1279 which was
a period of prosperity
and cultural achievement.
►They
moved their
capital to
the south at
Hangzhou.
►The
Song lost power due
to problems
controlling their large
empire because they
did not have enough soldiers.
► Main
Idea:
Buddhism became
popular in China and
spread to Korea and
Japan
Buddhism became popular
in China and spread to
Korea and
Japan
Buddhism became
popular with the
people because it
taught that people
could escape from
Buddhism
suffering and find
peace and
comfort.
►
Buddhist temples and monasteries provided
services for the people such as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
They ran schools.
They provided rooms and food for travelers.
They served as bankers.
They provided medical care.
►
Not all Chinese liked Buddhism because:
1.
They thought it was wrong for the temples to
accept donations.
They thought that monks and nuns weakened
respect for family life because they were not
allowed to marry.
2.
In the early A.D.800’s Tang officials feared
Buddhism’s growing power and saw it as an enemy of
China’s traditions.
They believed it weakened respect for family life
because monks and nuns were not allowed to marry.
Many Buddhist monasteries and temples were destroyed
by the Tang.
Korea had broken free from China and was divided into
three independent kingdoms.
In the A.D. 300’s many Chinese Buddhists brought their
religion to Korea.
In A.D. 660, the Koreans united to form one country
and Buddhism grew stronger in Korea.
Buddhism later spread to Japan from Korea.
► Main
Ideas:
► The Tang dynasty returned to the
ideas of Confucius and created a new
class of scholar-officials.
► Confucius
and his
followers believed that
good government
depended on having
wise leaders – Te.
► Civil service
examinations were a
product of Confucian
ideas intended to
recruit talented
government officials.
► The Tang and Song
rulers brought
Confucianism back
into favor.
► The
Tang and Song dynasties both gave support to
a new kind of Confucianism called neoConfucianism.
► It was created to reduce Buddhism’s popularity
which taught that life in this world was just as
important as the afterlife.
► It combined aspects of both Buddhism and
Daoism.
► Expected followers to take part in their present life
and help others.
Confucianism became more than a system of rules
for being good, but rather a religion with beliefs
about the spiritual world.
► Neo-Confucianism taught that if people followed
Confucius’s teachings they would find peace of
mind and live in harmony with nature.
►
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Neo-Confucianism became a way to strengthen the
Chinese government because:
1. Civil service examinations were used to hire
officials.
2. The bureaucracy was based on a merit system
where people are accepted for what they can do
and not on their riches or personal contacts.
► Civil
service examinations tested job seekers on
their knowledge of Confucian writings and was
very difficult.
► Passing required writing the Chinese language
with style and understanding.
► Only men were allowed to take the tests.
► Only rich people had the money needed to help
their sons study for the tests.
► Only one in five men passed the examination.
► Over
the years the
examination system
created a new wealthy
class in China made up
of Scholar-Officials
who were set apart
from society by strict
rules.
► Scholar-Officials were
not allowed to do
physical work and
were taught not to use
their hands except for
painting or writing.