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Monkey
By: Kavya Mudiam, Emma Jones, Anna Fox, Patrick Wright, and Sam
Douglas
7th Period
Religions
Taoism
Confucianism
Buddhism
Taoism
► The
two chief pilosophers Lao-tzu and
Chuang-tzu
► It is connected to the rhythms of nature
and the earth
► Focuses back on the time where there was
equality between men and women
► Taoists relate the microcosm of the
human body to the macrocosm of the
world (earth, heavens, and underworld)
Taoism Continued…
► Taoism
became organized in the 4th and
3rd centuries BCE, based on the writings
of the two men
► What it is: the search for immortality; a
varied pantheon of Taoist deities; and a
certain rebelliousness against both the
demands of society and the rigors of
traditional Confucian morality and social
codes
Confucianism
Characterized by optimistic view of human
nature, the possibility of normal humans
becoming awe-inspiring
•
•Beliefs
are that humans can be taught,
improved,and perfected
•Belief System
• Li or correct propriety, ritual and
•Yi or righteousness
•Hsiao or love among members of
etiquette
family and
society
•Xin or trustworthiness and honesty
•Jen or humaneness and benevolence
•Chung or loyalty to ruling authorities
Confucianism in the 1500’s
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Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
Agriculture, Navigation, Confucianism, and art thrive
Chinese trading ships export teas, silk, and porcelain to India, Africa, and
Europe
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Prince Zhu Di’s eldest brother,
died in 1398, after naming his grandson Zhu Yunwen his successor.
Killed by uncle Zhu Di who gave himself the name “Zheng He”
Confucianism tradition, the first son and his decedents should always
inherit, but the emperor was the fourth son. Therefore, the courts
(Cunfucian scholars) refused to support him.
To secure his place on the throne he began massive projects such as
repairing the Grand Canal. However, he is remembered as a Naval
Commander. The Emperor brought back jewels, medicine, and exoctic
animals.
In 1424, Zheng He passed away. His son Zhu Gaozhi became emperor
and ordered an end to all treasure hunts. As a Confucianist, he believed
the hunts drained too much money. He spent money on fending off the
Mongols and feeding people in famine-ravaged provinces. Therefore,
China adopted more Confucianism ideals.
Buddhism
►
Buddhism: is an ethical system – a way of life – that leads
to a very specific goal and that possesses some aspects of
both religion and philosophy.
►
Siddhartha Gautama
►
Two Major Branches:
 Theravada - "The School of the Elders"
 Mahayana - "The Great Vehicle“
Buddhist Concepts
► Life
and the World
 Karma
 Rebirth
 Samsara
► Suffering’s
Causes and Solutions
 The Four Noble Truths
 The Eightfold Path
► Nirvana
 Enlightenment
POLITICS OF 15OO’s
► MING
DYNASTY (1386-1644)
► Monarchy
► By 15th century, dynasty was slowly
diminishing so in the 16th century, there was
supposed to be a reform.
 Later crushed by eunuch named Wei Zhongxian
many eunuchs were able to climb up the
social ladder and to occupy posts at the court
that made them able to influence the ruler
and his decisions.
►
The administration for the Ming Dynasty:
► the Grand Secretariat
► Six Ministries
► Revenue
► Rites
► War
► Justice
► Public Works
► Department of State Affairs
► Censorate
► There
was a lot of controversy in the
government over tax collection
 The dynasty didn’t see a need in understanding
business, which eventually led to the fall
 Resulted in production of literature that expressed
thought on the situation
► Monkey
and The Water Margin
 People isolated by a strict society where one is often unable to
play by the rules
► Downfall
was a result of gov’t not able to
provide food during famine and poor planning
by not having accurate tax collection and head
count
Emperors of the Ming Dynasty
► Ming
Wuzong- 1505-1521
► Ming Shizong. 1521-1566
► Ming Muzong. 1566-1572
► Ming Shenzong. 1572-1619
Ming Wuzong
Ming Muzong
Ming Shizong
Ming Shenzong
Culture in China
► Arts
movement
 focused on themselves
 They were Isolationists
 Trying to work on China itself and not so much
on expanding
 Novel of monkey developed during Ming but
published later
 They wanted to reach a wider audience range
 Vernacular Chinese “watered down”
Culture in China
► There
was also a large amount of industrial
development
 They tried making the country more unified
geographically
 Built river systems and canals
 This was all to help increase internal trade
► Chinese
had great Naval capacity
Culture in China
► Not
a sophisticated national market
► Focused on staple crops
 grain, cotton, and tea
► Merchants
were unproductive at this time
until Europeans came
► Interregional trade was successful
Culture in China
► During
the 1500’s is when many European
countries started coming over to China.
► The Portuguese were one of the first
 They came as a Formal Embassy and also as
pirates
 Main country involved in trading goods from
China to Europe
 Silver was brought to China from Spain
 “silver sink”
Culture In China
► China
experiences a decline in central power
from the Ming Dynasty
► Socially stable
► Government is considered to be one of the
most orderly
The End 