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AIM: HOW DID THE
MING REESTABLISH RULE
IN CHINA?
DO NOW:
REVIEW: DYNASTY, DYNASTIC CYCLE,
MANDATE OF HEAVEN
FALL OF THE YUAN DYNASTY (1260-1368)
• 1331 - Bubonic Plague
helped end the rule of the
Mongols in China
• Genghis Khan, Kublai
Khan, the ventures of
Marco Polo from Venice
• Important Vocabulary:
• White Lotus Society
• Red Turban Rebellion
• Hongwu
• Yongle Emperor
• Forbidden City
MING DYNASTY: 1368-1644
BKWLQ Graphic Organizer
BACKGROUND
(Historical
Context)
What you
KNOW
(Analysis)
What you
WANT to
know
What you
LEARNED
New
QUESTIONS
AIM: HOW DID THE “THREE
TEACHINGS” AFFECT THE
STRUCTURES OF SOCIETY AND
GOVERNMENT IN MING CHINA?
DO NOW: WHAT DO YOU RECALL ABOUT
BUDDHISM, CONFUCIANISM, AND DAOISM?
humanity to create a harmonious relationship
een
the universe
and the individual
NEOCONFUCIANISM
• Rationalist & secular form of
Confucianism
• Rejecting superstitious and
mystical elements of Daoism and
Buddhism
• Universe could be understood
through human reason
• Up to humanity to create a
harmonious relationships between
the universe and the individual
NEO - CONFUCIANISM
• Critical of Daoism and Buddhism
• Unlike Buddhists, the Neo-Confucians believed that reality existed, and could
be understood by humankind
• YET borrowed concepts from Daoism & Buddhism
• Suspicion of new technology and foreigners
• Very conservative – emphasis on social rank, obligation, morality, limited role for
women
Ming Society
•Neo-Confucian hierarchy based on four groups:
o Shi: military commanders, bureaucrats, scholars
o Nong: peasant farmers
o Gong: artisans, craftsmen
o Shang: merchants, traders
Ming Government
• After the Yuan Dynasty, Confucianism became main
political philosophy.
• Civil service exam based on Confucian texts were
brought back.
•Many emperors were criticized for bringing other
religions into leadership
• Unlike previous dynasties, women were not given any
power in government
• Da Ming Lu – Hongwu emperor’s Confucian legal
code.
AIM: HOW DID THE
MING INTERACT
WITH THE WORLD?
DO NOW: IF THE CHINESE HAD “DISCOVERED” AND SETTLED IN THE UNITED STATES
RATHER THAN EUROPEANS HOW WOULD YOUR LIFE BE DIFFERENT? (RELIGIOUSLY,
CULTURALLY, POLITICALLY, ETC.)
LATE MING PERIOD
• Hongwu’s influential &
authoritarian rule set up 3
centuries of prosperity and
stability to China
• As ego grows, so does
human geography
• Great Wall, Grand
Canal
• Self-confidence grew = embark on
ambitious program of
reconstruction
• Becomes aggressive  attack
on Mongolia & Annam
(Vietnam)
• Want recognition from rulers
of faraway states
• SO? = between 1405-1433,
launch 6 large scale
maritime expeditions to SE
Asia, East Africa & Arabia
INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY
ZHENG HE
• Muslim of Mongol descent, captured by
the Ming as a boy
• Purpose of voyages = to confirm China’s
domination over world
• Collect tribute - “strictly
diplomatic” mission
• China is center of the world =
ETHNOCENTRISM?
• Results =
1. Records were destroyed,
2. Global trade surges (interest in China
magnifies),
3. Ahead, so no reason for further
contact (!)
• Peasants revolt!
COLLAPSE
• Why?
1. Crop failures
2. Army’s discipline problems
3. Slowdown on
technology/creativity
• Rebel leader, Li Zicheng, takes Beijing
unopposed = Emperor commits suicide
• Ming military call on Manchu’s help (they
do) BUT they seize throne and proclaim
themselves rulers of China