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Download Homo habilis - Conejo Valley Unified School District
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Sixth Grade History-Social Science World History and Geography: Ancient Civilizations Development of humankind Mesopotamia Egypt Hebrews Greece India China Rome Lucy Australopithecus afarensis Early bones found in Africa - Olduvai Gorge Proved that early humans walked upright Discovered by Donald Johanson Early Hominids Homo habilis - Handy man – tool maker Homo erectus – Upright man – discovered how to control fire Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis – Wise man – found in the Neander Valley in modern Germany – sense of community Homo sapiens sapiens – Doubly wise man – early modern humans Hunting and Gathering Farming *The transition from hunting and gathering to farming is one of the most important advance people have ever made. *Tools – advanced from simple stone tools to complex metal ones Early Humans Early humans sites are found all over the world Two theories: Out of Africa Multicentric River Valleys Most early civilizations developed around a river Tigris and Euphrates Nile Indus Huang He Agricultural Advancements Irrigation Economic Surplus Division of labor With the new time, early people were able to create new inventions – plow and writing The Code of Hammurabi One of the first codes of law (1792 – 1750 BCE) Babylonia Based on the concept of “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” Written on stone pillars (stele) for all to see The laws applied to all people. Cuneiform An early form of writing Developed in Mesopotamia Scribes were trained to read and write it Used mostly for trade Egyptian – hieroglyphics India - sanskrit Egyptian and Mesopotamian Architecture Egyptian Pyramids Mesopotamian Ziggurats Egyptian Leadership Pharaohs controlled Egypt Queen Hatshepsut Promoter of Egyptian Trade Ramses II (the Great) Military Leader and Master Builder Abraham – “Father of the Hebrews” He was a polytheist who devoted his life to one god and became a monotheist Led his followers (they will come to be called Hebrews) from Mesopotamia to Canaan Established the beginnings of the religion called Judaism Moses – Leader and Prophet He led the Jews out of Egypt back to their homeland. This event is called the Exodus On the journey, Moses received the Ten Commandments from his god Christianity Jesus of Nazareth Raised as a Jew Great teacher and speaker Sermon on the Mount Parables His followers established the religion called Christianity Greek Democracy Monarchy Oligarchy/Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy Pericles – Funeral Oration City-States: Sparta vs. Athens Sparta Athens Military State Democracy Agrarian Economy Trade Economy Fought each other in the Peloponnesian War. Greek Architecture Zeus Greek Mythology Greeks explained their world through their mythology Trojan Horse Pandora’s box Homer Iliad and Odyssey Poseidon Hades Ares Athena Apollo Greek Philosophy “Love of Wisdom” Socrates Encouraged people to question the things they thought they knew. Plato Student of Socrates Aristotle Student of Plato Taught Alexander the Great Alexander the Great *Ruler of a vast empire from Macedonia to India in the 300s BCE. *As he conquered an area, he usually showed respect for the culture and religion of the area *Spread the ideas of the Greeks throughout his empire - Hellenism Alexander’s Empire India Hinduism Dharma – perform one’s duties and so to live as one should Samsara – Reincarnation – cycle of birth, death, and rebirth Karma – the right way to live Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama – the Buddha or the “Awakened One” Discovered that life is suffering – aging, sickness, and death Moving towards Enlightenment and Nirvana China - Philosophies Confucianism: “Lead by example.” Moderation in conduct and emotion Respect of elders Daoism: “If you must rule, rule as little as possible.” Legalism: “Set clear laws and harshly punish those who disobey them.” China – Dynasties Shang Dynasty – powerful kings, ancestor worship Zhou Dynasty – feudal, stabilized China Qin Dynasty – unified China and expanded the borders, built the Great Wall Han Dynasty – time of peace, wealth, and achievement China – Silk Road Rome – Government Etruscan Kings Republic (509 BCE) Patricians Plebeians Julius Caesar (49 BCE) Augustus Caesar First Emperor (37 BCE)
