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World History Unit 2 New Directions in Government and Society: 2000 B.C. to A.D. 700. CHAPTER 7 India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550 Time Line 321 B.C. Chandragupta Maurya founds Mauryan Empire. 65 Buddhism A.D. 220 Han Dynasty takes root in China. falls. A.D. 300 B.C. A.D. 202 B.C. Liu Bang establishes China’s Han Dynasty. 105 Chinese invent paper. A.D. 550 320 Gupta Empire forms in India and encourages a renewal of Hindu faith. A.D. Chapter 7 India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C. - 550 A.D. Section 1 First Empires of India First Empires of India • • • • Objectives To describe the rise and fall of India’s first unified kingdom. To compare events in India’s three regions after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. To describe the rise of the Gupta Empire and the daily life in India during this period. Vocabulary: Mauryan Empire, Asoka, religious toleration, Tamil, Gupta Empire, patriarchal, matriarchal First Empires of India Mauryan Empire - 321 - 301 BC – Chandragupta Maurya • defeat of Seleucus in 303 BC • unites north India; 1st emperor • Jainist convert – Kautilya • Arthasastra handbook – war expands power – Asoka - 269 - 232 BC • grandson • Bhuddhist convert – Kalinga campaign • edicts – non-violence – religious toleration The Gupta Empire Tamil – southern Indian peoples • matriarchal Gupta Empire • India’s 2nd empire – Chandra Gupta - 320 AD • “Great King of Kings” • very high taxes • art, literature, religion, sciences – society • patriarchal First Empires of India Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the Mauryan and Gupta empires. Mauryan Empire Only Chandragupta used spies, Asoka followed teachings of Buddha. Both Unified through force, required high taxes, lasted for about 100 years Gupta Empire Only Defeated the Shakas, period of great cultural achievements, invaded by Hunas Chapter 7 India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C. - 550 A.D. Section 2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture • • • • Objectives To explain why and how religion changed in India. To describe achievements in Indian literature, art, science, and mathematics. To summarize Indian trade activity and its effects on India and other Asian cultures. Vocabulary: Mahayana, Theravada, Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Kalidasa, Silk Roads Changes in Religious Thought Buddhism • desire causes suffering – small following – Asoka conversion • Mahayana – mass religion; salvation for all – good works to save humanity 4:50 • bodhisattvas • stupas • Buddha as idol • Theravada – stricter, original teaching – individual discipline 9:15 A Hindu Rebirth Hinduism • shift to ‘monotheism’ • Brahma – creator of the world • Vishnu – preserver of the world • Shiva 6:00 – destroyer of the world • Literature – Kalidasa • Shakuntala • Science – earth is round 3:30 Spread of Indian Trade Natural Resources – spices, minerals, woods • Silk Roads – trade routes China to Rome – middlemen • Indians • Increased trade – rise in banking system – Southeast Asia • art, architecture, dance, religion Trade Spreads Indian Religion and Culture Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For each category shown below, list one or more specific developments in Indian culture. Indian Culture Religion Mahayana Buddhism; Hinduism became more personal. Literature/Arts Buddhist sculptures; Kalidasa wrote Shakuntala. Science/Math The decimal system; medical guides. Trade Profited from Silk Roads trade; traded with Rome, Africa, Southeast Asia, Arabia, China Chapter 7 India and China Establish Empires, 300 B.C. - 550 A.D. Section 3 Han Emperors in China Han Emperors in China • • • • • Objectives To describe the rise and rule of the Han Dynasty. To examine Han government structure. To characterize Han technology, commerce, and culture. To describe the period of political instability in the middle of the Han period Vocabulary: Han Dynasty, centralized government, civil service, monopoly, assimilation Han Restore Unity in China Civil War after Qin - 206 - 202 BC Han Dynasty • Former Han – – – – – centralized government reduced strict Legalism 400 years “people of the Han” Liu Bang - 1st emperor • Empress Lu – infant sons – Wudi • martial emperor • established civil service schools • Later Han Han Government Structure – high taxes (merchants) – % of crops (farmers) – military service / projects • civil service – government jobs by exams – Confucian ideals • Technology – paper - 105 AD – collar harness • Commerce – monopoly - govt exclusivity – silk trade Han Emperors in China Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the methods that Han rulers used to centralize the government. Required local officials to report to central government Built up bureaucracy Centralized Government Established monopolies in many industries Created civil service, based on exams