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CHINESE DYNASTIES AND THE IMPACT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS Legalism and Qin Dynasty • Founder – Hanfeizi • Order only through strict laws and punishments • Adopted by Emperor Shi Huangdi • Standardized weights, measures, writing • Constructed Great Wall to protect from northern invasion • Harsh crackdowns on opposition – jail, torture, burned books Confucianism & Han Dynasty • Liu Bang defeats Qin and adopts Confucian policies – scholars serve in government • Emperor Wudi – Civil service system – Confucian exam – Expands China into Central Asia, Korea, Manchuria, Vietnam Han Society • Male dominated – Father runs household – Women – little education, no property rights – Filial piety • Achievements – Paper, acupuncture, jade carvings, bronze figurines, iron plow – Later dynasties – woodblock printing, movable type, gunpowder Silk Road • 4,000 mile trade route from China – Links to India, Middle East, Rome • Rugged terrain, dangerous bandits • Carried items and ideas – Silk, pottery, armor, Buddhism from India Mongols • Nomads from Central Asia (1200s), united by Genghis Khan • Skilled horsemen, warriors – Strict military discipline – Highly mobile army with good coordination – Burned towns who resist • Control most of North China and Central Asia • Tolerant of local beliefs and rulers • Spread Chinese ideas westward