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IN GENERAL: An
exchange of
promises with a
specific remedy
for breach
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IN GOVERNMENT:
an agreement,
between the ruled
and their rulers,
defining the rights
and duties of each
• ANCIENT CHINA
– Mandate of Heaven
• Mandate = “right”; therefore, Heaven grants a ruler the
right to rule the people
• Ruler communicates to the gods through his ancestors
• Ruler serves as the link between heaven & earth
ANCIENT CHINA
-Mandate of Heaven
– Mandate = “right”;
therefore, Heaven grants
a ruler the right to rule
the people
– Ruler communicates to
the Gods through his
ancestors
– Ruler serves as the link
between heaven & earth
UNITED STATES
– To secure man’s
unalienable rights
• Life, Liberty, & Pursuit of
Happiness
– “Right of the People”
• ANCIENT CHINA
– A ruler, king, emperor with absolute power
– Religious/spiritual beliefs linked with politics
– The people owe the ruler complete loyalty and
obedience in exchange for a good government
• Good government = good harvests, peace, etc.
– A family stays in power as long as a good
government, leading to ruling families or
DYNASTIES
• ANCIENT CHINA
– A ruler, king, emperor with
absolute power
– Religious/spiritual beliefs
linked with politics
– The people owe the ruler
complete loyalty and
obedience in exchange for a
good government
• Good government = good
harvests, peace, etc.
– A family stays in power as
long as a good government,
leading to ruling families or
DYNASTIES inheriting power
• UNITED STATES
– Constitutional Republic
– Limited powers outlined
in the man-made
Constitution
– Leaders elected by the
people
– Term Limits, scheduled
elections
– Religion and politics
separate
• ANCIENT CHINA
– When a ruler fails to maintain harmony and order, the
people have a right to rebel
• Corrupt officials (heavy taxes for luxuries)
• Lose of control of provinces - bandits
• People unprotected (invasions!)
– War, floods, and famine were signs that a ruler had lost
the Mandate of Heaven (gods no longer pleased)
– Whoever can restore order, win war, conquer etc. is
assumed to have the new Mandate of Heaven
• ANCIENT CHINA
– When a ruler fails to maintain
harmony and order, the
people have a right to rebel
• Corrupt officials (heavy taxes for
luxuries)
• Lose of control of provinces bandits
• People unprotected (invasions!)
– War, floods, and famine were
signs that a ruler had lost the
Mandate of Heaven (gods no
longer pleased)
– Whoever can restore order, win
war, conquer etc. is assumed to
have the new Mandate of
Heaven
• UNITED STATES
– Whenever any form of
government becomes
destructive to men’s
unalienable rights, it is the
“Right of the People” to alter or
abolish that form of
government
The Dynastic Cycle
Dynasties rule China for
3500+ years!!!
Established in 1750 BCE
Ends in 1911 CE
• ANCIENT CHINA
–
–
–
–
–
Collective interests
Good of society
Loyalty
Obedience
Government has total
power
• UNITED STATES
– Individual Rights
– Government has limited
power; only what the
people give