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WHO: Many countries in Europe
WHAT: A war
WHERE: Europe
WHEN: 1914-1918
WHY: Countries in Europe were feeling nervous
other countries would attack them, so they
formed alliances for protection. Once one
attack occurred, the war began
• An agreement between nations to defend one
another
• If one country is attacked, the other members of
the alliance promise to help them.
For example: France and Italy have an alliance.
If France is attacked, Italy will _____________!
• Austria-Hungary
controlled land in Serbia
• Serbia thought they
owned the land
• A Serbian man killed
Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria-Hungary
(who was to be king of Austria-Hungary)
• Austria-Hungary declared war
on Serbia
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Allied Powers
Serbia
Russia
France
Belgium
Great Britain
Central Powers
• Austria-Hungary
• Germany
• Woodrow Wilson (President of the U.S.) decided
isolationism was the best option (we were not
going to get involved)
• Germany attacked and sunk
the British ship the Lusitania
(The U.S. did not agree with this)
• Germany sent a telegram to
Mexico asking them to join the
Central Powers-in return, Germany would help Mexico
get back land from the U.S.
• Germany sank 3 U.S. ships
• The United States joined WWI (as an Allied Power),
declaring war against the Central Powers
• Allied Powers
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Serbia
Russia
France
Belgium
Great Britain
United States
• Central Powers
• Austria-Hungary
• Germany
• Some six weeks after the United States formally entered the First World
War, the U.S Congress passes the Selective Service Act on May 18, 1917,
giving the U.S. president the power to draft soldiers.
• Initially Wilson only had about 100,000 men volunteer for the war.
• To remedy this situation, Wilson pushed the government to adopt military
conscription, which he argued was the most democratic form of enlistment. To
that end, Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which Wilson signed
into law on May 18, 1917. The act required all men in the U.S. between the
ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. Within a few months,
some 10 million men across the country had registered in response to the
military draft.
• By the end of World War I in November 1918, some 24 million men had
registered under the Selective Service Act. Of the almost 4.8 million
Americans who eventually served in the war, some 2.8 million had been
drafted.
• A Liberty Bond was a war bond that
was sold in the United States to
support the allied cause in World War
I. Subscribing to the bonds became a
symbol of patriotic duty in the United
States and introduced the idea of
financial securities to many citizens for
the first time. The Act of Congress
which authorized the Liberty Bonds is
still used today as the authority under
which all U.S. Treasury bonds are
issued.
• Bonds were issued at 30 years at
3.5% interest, redeemable after 15
years. It raised $2 Billion with 5.5
million people purchasing bonds.
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During WW1 farmers were producing goods
which they then exported to European countries
who were struggling. They became used to
producing large amounts of produce and making
high profits. However, when WW1 ended, there
was no longer such a large demand for
agricultural goods in Europe. The farmers now had
a large surplus stock which they were unable to
sell abroad. This was partly the fault of the
American govt. Having raised taxes on imported
goods to prevent Americans buying foreign
produce, other countries retaliated by doing the
same which left farmers struggling to sell produce
within the USA.
The end of the war meant that the agricultural
industry was declining, and people were unable to
make enough money to pay their rent or
mortgage. This led to poverty amongst farmers,
and therefore they did not participate in the Boom
of the 1920s.
• Trench WarfareSoldiers on each side dug a
system of trenches that faced
each other. Barbed wire fences
protected the front of each
trench. No-man’s land was the
land between the trenches the
no one controlled.
The soldiers ate and slept in
the trenches which were often
filled with rats and water
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Poisonous Gas
Gas masks (to protect from poisonous gas)
Airplanes (used to drop bombs)
Machine Gun
Tanks
Radio became essential for communications. The
most important advance in radio was the
transmission of voice rather than code.
Cause: Men were fighting, so there were less people to
produce food
Effect: War Gardens were created
Cause: Men were fighting, so there were less people to
work in factories
Effect: Women worked in factories
Cause: Men were needed to fight in the war
Effect: Propaganda posters were used to
encourage men to enlist
• With help from the U.S., the Allied Powers are
able to defeat the Central Powers.
• The Central Powers surrender on November 11,
1918
• The Treaty of Versailles
officially ended WWI
• Germany was forced to pay
heavy fines for their actions (US
did not agree with this.
• The League of Nations was
created
Goal: to prevent future wars
• US did not agree with joining
the League of nations for fear it
would force involvement in
future wars.
• They wanted to return to
isolationism
• http://safeshare.tv/w/EpeehzJkvl
• http://safeshare.tv/w/BKHUnnMNHP
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