* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Notes - Us History
American mutilation of Japanese war dead wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II wikipedia , lookup
Wang Jingwei regime wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Naval history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere wikipedia , lookup
Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Tora! Tora! Tora! wikipedia , lookup
Magic (cryptography) wikipedia , lookup
United States Navy in World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
America Moves Toward War Big Questions As we discuss the steps the United States took to help its allies before going to war, think about the following: Did the United States abandon its neutrality too late? Should the United States have done more to help its allies in the early stages of the war, or did FDR make the right decisions? The United States Musters Its Forces President Roosevelt thought that the United States would eventually be involved in World War II, and so he took measures to prepare the United States His decisions were controversial, but they did prepare the US for what was to come ? What did the Neutrality Act allow? • Permitted nations to buy U.S. armaments as long as they paid cash and carried the goods away in their own ships Called cash and carry 1939 Congress passes Neutrality Act. • Early Steps Peacetime draft, 1940– Draft was used to enlarge the army, but these men could only serve in the western hemisphere Third term, 1940 – Roosevelt was elected President to keep the same president through the crisis The Axis Powers Hitler, Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo formed a defensive alliance with each other This alliance was formed to discourage the United States from entering the war; if US attacked any of them, the rest would come to help “The Great Arsenal of Democracy” President Roosevelt thought that if the Great Britain fell to the Axis, the United States would not be safe Decided to help Britain by becoming the “great arsenal of democracy” Section 4: America Moves Toward War- A Sequence of Events 1941 – Congress passes Lend-Lease Act. ? What did the LendLease Act do? (552) Allowed the president to lend or lease arms and supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.” Hitler Invades the Soviet Union In June 1941, Hitler broke his nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and invaded it Soon Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin will all be allies – Allied Powers Japanese Ambitions in the Pacific Ocean Japanese started by invading China (Manchuria) and then started going after European colonies in Asia – Europeans busy fighting Hitler Only United States lay in the way of Japan’s ambitions US protested Japanese invasions – US cut off trade with Japan, including oil If Japan couldn’t re-establish the flow of oil to its country, then they would lose the war without ever being defeated in battle 1941 Japan takes over French military bases in Indochina. Section 4: America Moves Toward War- A Sequence of Events ? What did the U.S. do to protest Japan’s action? (555) The U.S. punished Japan with a trade embargo. 1941 Congress extends the draft. Section 4: America Moves Toward War- A Sequence of Events 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt draft the Atlantic Charter (in secret) ? What pledges were contained in the Atlantic Charter? (554) • Collective security Disarmament Self-determination Economic cooperation Freedom of the Jews • • • • War Is Coming… Hideki Tojo promised to Japanese emperor that Japan would avoid war with United States if possible November 5, 1941 – Tojo orders Japanese navy to prepare for an attack on the United States US broke Japanese codes and was reading their messages December 6, 1941 – US intercepts message to Japanese peace envoy to reject all American peace proposals FDR – “This means war.” Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor was largest US naval base in the Pacific Ocean Early on December 7th, 1941, over 180 Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor caught completely by surprise; not ready for the attack The Damage In less than 2 hours, Japanese killed 2,403 Americans and wounded 1,178 Sunk or damaged 21 ships, including 8 battleships (considered the most important ships in the fleet) 300 aircraft severely damaged or destroyed Luckily, at the time of the attack, 3 aircraft carriers were not in Pearl Harbor; these would be important as the war with the Japanese went on Reaction to Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt hadn’t wanted to fight this war on two fronts; saw Germany as the greater threat, but now had to fight Japan, as well Roosevelt, in a famous speech, asked Congress to declare war against Japan; Congress quickly did so Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States Very few people now saw isolationism as the answer; felt that the United States needed to go allout to defeat the Japanese Section 4: America Moves Toward War- A Sequence of Events Pearl Harbor: First 24 Hours Pearl Harbor movie attack scene part 1 (10 minutes) Roosevelt: A day which will live in Infamy (3 minutes) Attack scene part 2 Section 4: America Moves Toward War- A Sequence of Events World War II: Alliance http://lcweb.loc.gov/ exhibits/ archives/ worw.html Summary of the role of the Lend-Lease Act in the alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union. Part of a site devoted to the Library of Congress's Revelations from the Russian Archives exhibit. The U-Boat War, 1939–1945 http://uboat.net/ Site providing a comprehensive look at the boats, the men, and the Atlantic and Mediterranean sea battles between the Germans and the Allies. Pearl Harbor Remembered http://my.execpc.com/~dschaaf/index.html Comprehensive information about the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, including maps and survivors' accounts The Coast Guard and the North Atlantic Campaign http://www.uscg.mil/ hq/ gcp/ history/ h_AtlWar.html Detailed story of the U.S. Coast Guard's role in the war in the Atlantic As found on classzone.com