Download Cold War PPT

Cold War
• Essential Questions
• What impact did World War II have on the
development of democracy in Germany and
Japan?
• How did different political systems help cause the
Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union?
• How did the rivalry between the US and the
Soviet Union involve other nations around the
world?
How was Europe divided?
• Western Europe democracies
• Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Union
• Stalin wanted to spread communism
• Why? buffer zone from west
• Forced communist governments in Poland, Czechoslovakia
• Countries became known as satellites
• Led to iron- curtain  imaginary line splitting
communist from democracies
Who were the two Superpowers?
United States
• Western Nation
• Democracy
• Capitalist
Soviet Union
• East
• Communism
Comparison of Market and Command Economies
Market Economy
Command
Economy
Ownership
All property including
The government owns
the means of production the means of
are privately owned
production,
distribution and
exchange
Economic
Decisions
Private businesses and
individuals are free from
public control so that
they can make basic
economic decisions
Government officials
make all basic
economic decisions,
such as what will be
produced, when and
where
Market
Controls
Prices are determined
by supply and demand.
Competition promotes
high quality and low
prices
The gov’t plans the
economy. There is
limited production of
consumer goods
Cold War Begins
• Conflicts in thinking and hostility between
nations led to Cold War
• Distrust between nations
• “cold” because armed conflict between
superpowers did not exist
The Cold War 19451991
What was the US response to the
Soviet expansion?
Truman Doctrine
• 1947
• Economic and military
program designed to help
nations resist Soviets
• Sent aid to Greece and
Turkey
Marshall Plan
• 1947
• Economic aid package
designed to strengthen
democracies
• US sent billions to help
democracies
Why did the US support Greece and
Turkey?
• Theory of containment
• Limiting communism
• Wanted to maintain pro- democratic governments
What crisis existed in Germany?
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Germany divided into four zones
Increased tensions
Stalin blockaded Berlin to force out Allies
Leads to Berlin Airlift
Berlin Blockade and the
Division of Germany
Leads to the Formation of a Free West Germany
Opposing Alliances
NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
• Western Europe
• Military & defensive alliance
Warsaw Pact
• Consisted of Soviet Union
and satellites
• Military & defensive alliance
Were all countries aligned?? NO!
• Nonaligned Nations not allied with US or USSR
• Non aligned nations wanted to reduce world
tensions
• Yugoslavia, India, African Nations, China, South East
Asia
• US & USSR offer military and economic aid to gain
influence in the developing world
How did people react in Eastern
Europe?
• Hungarian Revolt 1956
– Imre Nagy  nationalist
• Ended 1 party rule/ withdrew from Warsaw Pact
• Czechoslovakia Revolt 1968
– Alexander Dubcek
• Eased censorship/ new constitution
• Soviet Union used force to put down both
rebellions
Race Time
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Arms Race
Buildup of atomic weapons
Raised levels of tension
Raised fears among public
Feared destruction of the
world
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Space Race
1957 - Soviets launch
Sputnik, a satellite orbited
the Earth
‘58- American Satellite
(NASA)
’61- Soviets man in space
‘69- US man on the moon
Where did conflicts exist around the
world?
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East Asia
Middle East
Africa
Latin America
East Asia
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Korean War
1950-1953
North Korea  Soviets
South Korea  Americans
North Korea tried to unite
country under communism
UN forces pushed back
surge
Divided at 38th parallel
Vietnam War
• 1954- 1975
• North  Communist (Ho Chi
Minh)
• South  Democratic
• North Vietnam tried to unite
country under communism
• Americans unable to push out
forces
• United under communist
control in 1975
The Vietnam War
• North Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh, was
communist and backed by the Soviet Union.
• South Vietnam, led by Ngo Dinh Diem, was
democratic and backed by the U.S.
Video Clip: Platoon
The Uncertain Enemy
· Jungle warfare was
difficult, and it was hard to
locate the enemy.
· In addition, it was very
difficult to identify which
South Vietnamese were our
allies and which were
supporting the Vietcong.
Ex Vietcong showing secret
tunnels, November 7, 2004
· Many South Vietnamese distrusted Diem and joined the
Vietcong, a communist guerilla group supported by North
Vietnam.
An
execution
of a
Vietcong
prisoner
Feb. 1,
1968
Vietnam War
• 1959-1975
• US sent troops to contain Communism
• US loses, Vietnam to become Communist
Middle East
Arab States & Israel
• Gamal Abdel Nasser 
leader in Arab Egypt
• Nationalized Suez Canal
• Built Aswan Dam w/ help
from Soviets
• Israel supported by
Americans
• Fought two wars
Iran & Iraq
• Rivalry over oil
• US supported
The Cold War in Latin America
• Causes of Cuban Revolution 1959
• 1. Political:
 Rule by Repressive Dictator
 Corruption and bribery of government officials.
2. Economic:
 Unequal distribution of wealth
 High unemployment
 Foreign influence by US
Result: Fidel Castro uses guerrilla army and
establishes a communist dictatorship
What was the Bay of Pigs?
• 1961--indecision, embarrassment for Kennedy.
• On April 17, 1961, about 1,500 CIA-trained
Cuban exiles launched the disastrous Bay of
Pigs invasion of Cuba
• failed attempt to overthrow the government
of Fidel Castro
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
• Castro turns to Soviet Union for support
• The Soviet Union began to build missile bases
in Cuba
• Kennedy responds with Naval Blockade
• Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to
remove Soviet missiles from Cuba, and the
U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba.
Video:
Cuban
Missile
Crisis
(1:09)
"That Tuesday the first of thirteen days of decision unlike any
other in the Kennedy years or, indeed, inasmuch as this was
the first direct nuclear confrontation, unlike any other in the
history of our planet."
- Theodore Sorensen, aide to Pres. Kennedy
· Pres. Kennedy announced that American warships would
stop any Soviet ship carrying missiles.
Collapse of Communism and the
Soviet Union
How were tensions eased during the
Cold War?
• Nixon and Brezhnev promoted a period of
détente: lessening of tensions
• Involved arms controls and treaties
• Cultural exchanges
• Trade agreements
Why did the Soviet Union invade
Afghanistan?
• Détente ended with the invasion in 1979
• Wanted to maintain a procommunist
government
• Increased tensions
Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union
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1985: Pulled troops out of Afghanistan
Move away from Command economy
Goal: Reformed government and economy
Why?
• Economic problems leading to political problems
• Communism failing as an economic system
• Underproduction/poor quality/ unable to motivate
workers
Gorbachev
• Perestroika:
• goal  restructure and stimulate the economy
• Free market reforms
• Small privately owned businesses similar to Lenin’s
NEP/local managers more decision making
• Negative effects: Inflation increased/ shortage of food
• Glasnost:
• Openness to democratic ideas
• Ended censorship and encouraged discussion
Germany and Poland
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1989 Berlin Wall torn down
1990 free elections in East and West Germany
Unification of Germany in 1990
Effects Of Reunification of Germany
• West German Economy hurt by reunification to modernize East
Germany
• Major recession
• Poland
– Economic problems cause unrest
– Lech Walesa: led workers Solidarity movement
– Became president after first free elections in 1989
Eastern Europe Transformed
• Between 1989 to 1991 Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, and
Bulgaria held free elections.
• Romania overthrew and executed their brutal president
Nicolae Ceausescu who refused to have free elections.
• In 1991 the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO
• Chernobyl nuclear accident
• All eastern European nations as well as the Soviet Republics
had great difficulty switching from communism to capitalism:
high inflation and high unemployment.
The Fall of the Soviet Union
Causes
• Leadership of Gorbachev
• Glasnost
• Perestroika
• Economic problems
• Freedom movements in
Eastern Europe
Effects
• Loss of role as superpower
• End of Cold War
• Economic hardships
• Conflicts between
democrats and communists
December 1991 Collapse of Soviet
Union
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15 Republics are formed
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Boris Yeltsin Becomes President of Russia
‘Shock Therapy’ sharp switch from a
command to a market economy
Boris Yeltsin
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Transition from communism to democracy
Transition from communism to free market
1993/ 1994 hyperinflation 800%
High unemployment
Severe shortages/high crime
1991 War in Chechnya/demanded
independence/rebel battles/still going on today
• 1999 Replaced by Putin/new president former
KGB agent
Vladimir Putin- 1999
• Sought new relationships with West
• Signed nuclear arms reduction agreement
with US