Download Gadsden Purchase

Describe what this illustration is portraying.
Use 9 - 10 sentences.
Manifest Destiny
• The 19th century belief that the
United States would inevitably
expand westward to the Pacific
Ocean and into
Mexican
territory.
U
S
A
Examples of Manifest Destiny
• Revolutionary
War
• Louisiana
Purchase
• Adams-Onis
Treaty (FL)
• Texas
Annexation
• Oregon Territory
• Mexican Cession
• Gadsden
Purchase
5
2
1
6
7
4
3
Westward Expansion
• After the Revolutionary War
America won the right to
EXPAND
–Claimed the land between the
Appalachian Mountains and
the Mississippi River
–Doubled the original size of
the colonies
Louisiana Purchase
• President Jefferson bought the
Louisiana Purchase from FRANCE in
1803
–Doubled the size of the United
States AGAIN
(530 million acres for 3¢ an acre about $15 million)
LARGEST REAL ESTATE DEAL IN
HISTORY!
Adams Onis Treaty (1819)
• Hundreds of runaway slaves
escaped to Spanish controlled
Florida
Adams Onis Treaty (1819)
• U.S. agrees to pay
$5 million in
resident’s claims
against the
Spanish gov’t
• Deal between
Sec’y of State JQA
& Sp. Foreign
Minister Luis de
Onis
The Monroe
Doctrine
(1823)
occasion has efforts
been judged
•TheEuropean
to proper for
asserting, as a principle in which the
further colonize the
rights and interests of the United States
be
areAmericas
involved, that would
the American
continents,
byas
the an
free act
and independent
viewed
of
condition which they have assumed and
aggression
maintain,
are henceforth not to be
considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers.
We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the
amicable relations existing between the
United States and those powers to declare
that we should consider any attempt on their
part to extend their system to any portion of
this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace
James K Polk
• 4 Promises…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stay in Presidency for only 1 term
Annex Oregon Territory
Annex Texas
Gain California from Mexico
Texas Annexation (1845)
• Mexican gov’t allowed American settlers in
Texas
• Overpopulation led to laws on American
settlers
Slavery outlawed = dispute
Sealed borders = high prices
on American goods
Stephen F. Austin – Founder
of Texas
Texas Annexation (1845)
• Texas Revolution – 1835
 Battle of the Alamo – Santa Anna’s forces destroy
Texan garrison (all defenders die– 180 against 1500)
 Texans declare independence after
victory at San Jacinto
 the “Lone Star Republic”
 Annexed by the U.S. in 1845
 Issues with slavery
Davy Crockett
The “Buckskin Pioneer”
The Alamo
Oregon Territory (1846)
• 1818 – U.S. and Great
Britain agreed to jointoccupation
• “54-40 or Fight” –
Oregon Treaty gives
US Oregon at 49
parallel
– Polk
– British Outnumbered
Mexican Cession (1848)
• Support for the War
– South, West
– Polk, Calhoun
• Areas of Opposition
– Northest, Religious Groups
– Webster, Lincoln
Mexican Cession (1848)
• Reasons for War
– Mexico Resents Texas Annexation
– Boundary Disputes
– U.S. upset of Alamo
– Slidell’s Rejection
• Mexico refuses to sell the U.S. California and New
Mexico
United State’s Advantages
1. More Troops
2. Experienced Generals
3. Manifest Destiny
Mexico’s Disadvantages
1. Fewer Troops
2. No Generals
3. Politically unstable
4 Fronts of War
• Northeast
– Zachary Taylor
• Mexico City
– Winfield Scott (main commander)
• Santa Fe
– Kearny “Long Marcher”
• California
– John c Freemont
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• 1848
1. Rio Grande is the border
2. $15 million paid to Mexico
3. Enlarged US territory by 1/3
Led to Gadsden Purchase and Wilmot
Proviso…
• Wilmot Proviso
– 1846
– Believers wanted NO
slavery in Mexican
Cession territory
– North supports
– South opposes
– Is this okay?
• Gadsden Purchase
– 1852
– US paid Mexico 10
million for this land
– Made the current US
Mexico border
complete
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
• Congress was studying possible routes for a
transcontinental railroad
• Proposed – a southern route from New Orleans to
California
• U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden
Purchase for a level route for a transcontinental
railroad
• Also…we felt bad for taking so much territory after
M-A War
Compromise of 1850
North Gets
South Gets
California admitted as a free state
No slavery restrictions in Utah or
New Mexico territories
Slave trade prohibited in
Washington D.C.
Slaveholding permitted in
Washington D.C.
Texas loses boundary dispute
with New Mexico
Texas gets $10 million
Fugitive Slave Law
PUBLIC OPINION
For Expansion
•Majority of the
people
•It was the will of
God or FATE that
the U.S. claim the
entire continent
Against expansion
•Minority of the people
•Questioned if democracy
could succeed in such a large
nation
•Could the government meet
the needs of the west
•What about slavery? More
slave states in the west would
upset the balance between
free and slave states
Explorers
• Acquiring new lands led to
the need to explore the
possible use of lands
–Lewis & Clark
–Zebulon Pike
Expedition of Lewis & Clark
• 1804: Meriweather Lewis & William
Clark explored the Louisiana Territory
• MAIN PURPOSE = gather
INFORMATION
–search for a water route to the
Pacific
–Establish friendly relations and
trade with the Natives
Lewis & Clark
• Guide: French-Canadian Toussaint
Charbonneau and his wife
SACAGAWEA
• 1806:Lewis and Clark returned to
St. Louis
–Traveled 8,000 miles in 2 years
Zebulon Pike
• 1805: Recorded the geography of
the Mississippi River
• 1806: Hired by President Jefferson
to follow the Arkansas River west to
its source and return by the Red
River
• Took detailed notes about geographical
structure and population
• NOVEMBER – reached the Rocky Mountains
Pike’
sPeak