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The Rise of America
Power
Chapter 11
Section 1
From Old Diplomacy to New


The Period from 1865 to 1900 saw
the United States become
increasingly involved in Global
affairs.
The end of the Civil War in 1865 and
the growth of industrialization led to
increasing American power and a
change in U.S. diplomacy.
 The
development of
the telegraph and the
Morse Code prior to
the Civil War led to
speedier
communication over
long distances.


A revolution in
communications brought the
world closer together between
1865 and 1900.
Cyrus Fields created the
transatlantic cable in 1866 that
allowed messages to travel
through cables at the bottom
of the ocean floor between
Europe and the United States.
Cyrus Fields
American Attitudes Toward
Internationalism
 There
was much disagreement
about whether the United States
should expand its power and
take on a greater role in
international affairs by adopting
imperialism (expansionist
policies).
Arguments for Expansion
 Many
U.S. businesses favored
expanding U.S. power for economic
reasons.
 After the west was settled, some
businesses looked for new economic
frontiers- new markets, new investment
opportunities in the vast, nonindustrialized world beyond U.S.
borders.
Arguments Against Expansion
Some
feared that foreign
involvement would lead to
foreign wars.
What wars would we be
eventually led into?


Anti-imperialists were led by
William Jennings Bryan; they
opposed the acquisition of an
overseas empire by the United
States as contrary to the American
ideals of freedom and democracy.
They feared that foreign
possessions would involve the U.S.
in future wars.


Competition for Spheres of
Influence
France, Germany, Russia, Great
Britain, and Japan forced the
Chinese government to grant spheres
of influence.
The sphere of influence is economic
control and the enjoyment of sole
trading rights (or special privileges)
within a region by an imperialist
power.
Open Door Policy
U.S.
Secretary of State John
Hay called on the imperialist
powers in China to allow all
nations equal trading rights,
and not to take any more of
China’s territory.
The Boxer Rebellion
The
Boxer Rebellion was an
attempt by nationalistic
Chinese to expel the
imperialists from China by
force.
 The
United States, Japan, and the
European powers put together an
international army to rescue trapped
people in the embassies.
 This force crushed the Boxer
rebellion.
 The foreign powers forced China to
pay them an indemnity (a sum of
money to cover damages and
deaths).
Acquisition of Hawaii


The acquisition of the Hawaiian
Islands in the pacific is a good
example of U.S. imperialism.
Queen Liliuokalani was a
Hawaiian ruler who was
overthrown by United States
Marines and American sugar
growers in 1893.
 In
1900 a treaty
providing for the
annexation of
Hawaii was
approved by the
Senate.
 (Hawaii entered
the Union as the
50th state in 1959.)
Spanish-American War



The Splendid Little War was what
the Spanish American War also
referred to as.
In 1895, a revolt against Spanish rule
broke out in Cuba.
Three years later, the United States
came to the support of the Cuban
people by declaring war against
Spain.


The events caused the SpanishAmerican War were Yellow
Journalism, De Lome Letter, sinking
of the Maine, and for strategic reasons
because military and naval planners
thought that Cuba might provide an
ideal naval base for U.S. ships.
They also argued that an island only
90 miles from Florida should not
belong to a European power.
Yellow Journalism
 Influential
yellow journalist
newspapers were Joseph Pulitzer
and William Randolph Hearst.
 Both publishers squeezed all the
sensation they could out of the
violent conflict in Cuba.
 Reports of Spanish atrocities were
often greatly exaggerated.
De Lome Letter


The New York Journal created an
incident with Spain when it printed a
secret letter written by the Spanish
ambassador which insulted the
American president.
Uncomplimentary to President
McKinley, the letter and its publication
helped push the U.S. and Spain closer to
war.
Sinking of the Maine
The U.S.S. Maine, an American battleship
anchored in the harbor of Havana, Cuba,
had mysteriously exploded and sunk, killing
about 250 of its crew.
 What caused the explosion is still a mystery
today?
 The newspapers made out that Spain
deliberately blown up the Maine with a
bomb and urged the U.S. to go to war.

Famous Battles
Battle at Manila Bay (Commander
Dewey captures the Philippines from
Spain)
 Battle of El Caney
 Battle of San Juan Hill
 These two battles led the Spanish to
surrender the Cuban port of Santiago.

Results of the treaty ending the war
with Spain



Spain gave two islands to the
United States: Puerto Rico in the
Caribbean and Guam in the Pacific.
Spain granted Cuba its
independence.
Spain “sold” the Philippines to the
United States for the bargain price
of only $20 million.
Platt Amendment


Passed by Congress in 1901, to
bring Cuba under U.S. control.
Cuba was required to provide
the U.S. with a naval base, not
cede any territory to a foreign
power, and allow the U.S. to
intervene in its affairs.
Protectorates

Protectorates are nations
whose foreign policy was
controlled by the U.S.,
including the Dominican
Republic, Haiti, and Cuba
in the West Indies.
The Roosevelt Corollary


The Roosevelt Corollary was where
President Roosevelt asserted that the
Monroe Doctrine justified American
intervention in the affairs of Latin
American nations so as to prevent
European powers from doing so.
Foreign intervention was viewed as a
threat to U.S. interests.
“Opening” of Japan
 Perry
arrived in Japan with an American
fleet. Perry wanted to open up trade with
Japan and gain assurances that Japan
would assist shipwrecked U.S. sailors.
 After Perry showcased industrial
technology to the Japanese the leadership
in Japan adopted a policy of learning
Western technologies and making Japan
into a modern industrial nation.


Watchful waiting is the wait and
see policy adopted by Woodrow
Wilson toward Mexico when the
dictator Victoriano Huerta seized
power after the 1910 revolution.
Wilson refused to recognize
Huerta’s government, hoping that
it would be overthrown.
Poncho Villa
In
1916 Poncho Villa raided
towns in New Mexico and
Southern Texas killing 19
Americans.
U.S. troops sent in to Mexico
to kill the bandit outlaw Villa.
Poncho Villa