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Transcript
The Cold War in Brief CST Prep Overview Ms. Ramos Alta Loma High School • Cold War: conflict fought in 3 theatres: –Ideology •Proxy wars –Arms –Space Ms. Ramos The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] GOAL spread world-wide Communism Copy this slide US & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of Communism [George Kennan] Ms. Ramos • Allied leaders decided to divide Germany into 4 zones of military occupation – supposed to be temporary Ms. Ramos • The United States wanted a reunited Germany • The Soviet Union wanted a divided Germany that lacked power to start wars. An Iron Curtain Falls After the war, not only Germany, but Europe itself, became divided into West and East. • At the war’s end, Soviet troops were stationed in many Eastern European nations. The Soviet Union refused to permit free elections in these Ms. Ramos nations. jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/iron_curtain_TBBJ.gif/34482853/iron_curtain_TBBJ.gif Ms. Ramos • Eastern Europe became unified with the Soviet Union. • Western Europe became unified in opposition to Soviet aggressionNuclear Weapons Tensions were heightened by nuclear weapons development in the two superpowers. • 1952 The United States tests the world’s first nuclear bomb. • 1953 The Soviet Union tests its first nuclear bomb. Economic Recovery The economic recoveries of Germany and Japan heralded another power shift. Ms. Ramos • In the 1950s, West Germany began an economic boom as an international industrial power with investments in Asia and Africa. (East Germany suffered economically; the Soviets collected war payments from East Germany until 1954.) • Japan’s astonishing economic recovery also began in the 1950s. Japan soon became the world’s Copy this slide second-largest economy after the United States. Ms. Ramos Truman Doctrine • US would help people fight oppressors • Truman wanted to aid Greece & Turkey fight Soviets • Congress agreed- $400 billion Ms. Ramos Marshall Plan • Aid program to rebuild economies of Euro countries to create stable democracies • 17 countries received $13.4 billion • Helped build strong political support in Western Europe Ms. Ramos Czechoslovakia • Feb 1948 • Pro-west president forced resign & new const ratified • Takeover by Czech communists • Soviet satellite Ms. Ramos http://www.dubuque.k12.ia.us/Central/coldwar/BerlinAirlift.jpg Ms. Ramos Berlin Crisis • June 1948- May 1949 • Soviets plan to keep East Berlin under communist control... Wall • Blockade of Berlin act of war… US not to abandon Berlin • What next?... Ms. Ramos Soviets Block Traffic • 6/48: Soviets block any road, rail, or river traffic into West Berlin • West Berlin cut from food, coal, & goods • Had airstrips Ms. Ramos http://richardwillisuk.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/berlin-airlift-map.png Ms. Ramos Berlin Airlift • UK & US planes deliver to W Berlin • Lasted months • Soviets end blockade 5/12/49 Ms. Ramos http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_DofLEXUVwIE/SDG3R61foVI/AAAAAAAA DVI/EHwPnO3EyN4/s400/berlin%2B5.jpg http://www.history.co.uk/shows/rise-and-fall-berlin-wall/gallery/carouselGallery/0/assetPhotos/01/image/1949Berlin-Airlift-copy.jpg Ms. Ramos NATO Est. • US & 6 others join Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, & UK • Attack one, considered attack on all • Now, 26 countries belong to NATO http://woodward7.wikispaces.com/file/view/nato_WarP-l.jpg Ms. Ramos http://greatpowerpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/nato-expansion.jpg Ms. Ramos Warsaw Pact • Reaction to NATO } U. S. S. R. } East Germany } Albania } Hungary } Bulgaria } Poland } Czechoslovakia } Rumania http://www.eutopia.be/pixelpost_v1.7.1/index.php?showimage=124 Ms. Ramos http://woodward7.wikispaces.com/file/view/nato_WarP-l.jpg Ms. Ramos Fall of China 1949 • 6/49 Jiang Jieshi defeated by Mao • Oct 1: Mao declares People’s Republic of China (PRC) • Dec: Mao travels to Moscow – Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship: alliance & mutual assistance • US worried re: spread of communism Ms. Ramos Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 • U.S. response in the Cuban Missile Crisis was an example of brinkmanship—the willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war in order to force an end to a crisis. • US discovered Soviet missile sites on the island of Cuba. • US blockaded Cuba and threatened to attack the Soviet Union. • USSR agreed to remove the missiles. Ms. Ramos STUDY • Study your notes and reviews for the CST exam. You will take the World Exam on Thursday. We will complete a review activity when I return. •STUDY!