Download Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny PowerPoint

What is “Manifest Destiny”
The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the
expansion of the US throughout the American
continents was both justified and inevitable.
1
U.S. Territorial Expansion
When?
•1776
From?
A - 13 Original Colonies
•Great Britain
How?
•US declared
independence
from Great
Britain
A
2
U.S. Territorial Expansion
When?
•1783
From?
B - Western Lands
•Great Britain
How?
•Seven Years
War
•Part of Treaty
of Paris (ended
Revolutionary
War)
A
B
3
U.S. Territorial Expansion
When?
•1803
From?
C - Louisiana Purchase
•France
How?
•Napoleon
needed $
•Jefferson
wanted to buy
New Orleans
•He got all of
this instead!
C
A
B
4
U.S. Territorial Expansion
When?
•1819
From?
D - Florida
•Spain
How?
•Andrew
Jackson
invaded
C
A
B
•Spain then
sold it to us for
$5 million
D
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Thinking Question
Why weren’t Americans happy
with the size of their country
at this point in their history?
6
Mr. Manifest Destiny
James K Polk
•Elected President in 1844
•Added more territory to the
US than any other President
•Died 103 days after his only
term ended
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U.S. Territorial Expansion
When?
•1845
E - Texas
From?
•Republic of Texas (Independent Country)
How?
•Texas independent
from Mexico in 1836
•Gained
independence to
become part of US
C
A
B
E
D
8
Texas Independence and Annexation
Why did the South support the
annexation of Texas?
• Santa Anna becomes leader of Mexico and Texans
rebel fearing they will lose their land.
• Southerners rush to the aid of Texans after the
Alamo
• Soon after Texas independence, Texas looks to be
annexed in to the United States. Due to the balance
of Free/Slave states, this was not to be until 1845.
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US Territorial Expansion
When?
F - Oregon Territory
•1846
From Where?
•Great Britain
How?
•Claimed by four
countries (Britain,
Russia, Spain, & US)
•Americans demanded
“54° 40’ or fight!”
•Britain compromised
49° & US accepted
F
C
A
B
E
D
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Causes of the Mexican-American War
•
•
•
Texas gained its independence from Mexico in 1836.
Initially, the United States declined to incorporate it into
the union, largely because northern political interests were
against the addition of a new slave state.
The Mexican government was also encouraging border
raids and warning that any attempt at annexation would
lead to war.
Annexation procedures were quickly initiated after the
1844 election of Polk, who campaigned that Texas should
be “re-annexed” and that the Oregon Territory should be
“re-occupied.” Polk also had his eyes on California, New
Mexico and the rest of what is today the U.S. Southwest.
When his offer to purchase those lands was rejected, he
instigated a fight by moving troops into a disputed zone
between the Rio Grande and Nueces River that both
countries had previously recognized as part of the Mexican
state of Coahuila.
War with Mexico
“Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States,
has invaded our territory and shed American blood
upon the American soil.”
~ Polk’s War Message ~
War with Mexico
• 75,000 Mexican citizens lived north of the Rio Grande. U.S. forces were able
to conquer those lands with minimal resistance.
• Mexico turned to old standby General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the
charismatic strongman who had been living in exile in Cuba. Santa Anna
convinced Polk that, if allowed to return to Mexico, he would end the war
on terms favorable to the United States. But when he arrived, he doublecrossed Polk by taking control of the Mexican army and leading it into
battle.
• Battle of Buena Vista in February 1847, Santa Anna suffered heavy
casualties and was forced to withdraw. Despite the loss, he assumed the
Mexican presidency the following month.
• Meanwhile, U.S. troops led by Gen. Winfield Scott landed in Veracruz and
took over the city. They then began marching toward Mexico City,
essentially following the same route that Hernán Cortés followed when he
invaded the Aztec empire. The Mexicans resisted at Cerro Gordo and
elsewhere, but were bested each time. In September 1847, Scott
successfully laid siege to Mexico City’s Chapultepec Castle.
Outcome of the war with Mexico
•Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb. 2, 1848)
– Mexico relinquishes claims on Texas (Rio Grande Border)
– Cedes northern half of its territory (Mexican Cession)
– U.S. pays $15 million for the land and assumed Mexican debts of
$3.25 million
•13,000 American lives lost
– Only 1,700 in battle
•Many Civil War Leaders fought
–Lee, Davis, Grant, etc.
“[O]ne of the most unjust ever
waged by a stronger against a
weaker nation."
~
Ulysses S Grant ~
Opposition to War
• John Quincy Adams – called it the “most
unrighteous war”
• Abe Lincoln – Spot Resolution – claimed
that Americans were attacked in Mexico
and not US like Polk claimed
• Daniel Webster – was opposed to war
because he thought it would add more
slave states
US Territorial Expansion
When?
G - Mexican Cession
•1848
From?
•Mexico
How?
•Polk offers to buy G
from Mexico & they
refuse
•Mexican American
War
•In Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, US offers $15
million for G
F
C
G
A
B
E
D
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Does this image capture Manifest Destiny?
Please support your answer with evidence.
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