Download AHON Chapter 20 Section 1 Lecture Notes

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Expansion in the Pacific
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Describe early attempts by the United States to
expand in the Pacific.
• List the reasons many Americans came to favor
expansion.
• Explain how the United States gained the
territories of Samoa and Hawaii.
• Describe how the United States protected its
trading rights in China.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• Matthew C. Perry – Commodore of the navy
who led a squadron of U.S. warships to Japan to
open trade with the nation
• Isolationism – policy of avoiding involvement
in other countries’ affairs
• Imperialism – building empires by imposing
political and economic control over peoples
around the world
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• Liliuokalani – Queen of Hawaii who advocated
for Hawaiian independence
• sphere of influence – areas where another
nation has economic and political control
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the United States acquire new
territory and expand trade in the AsiaPacific region?
In the mid-1800s, the United States was
ready to take on new challenges.
Finding new
trading partners
Acquiring new
land
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
U.S. merchants longed to trade with Japan, which had
blocked outside trade for 250 years. In 1853, Matthew
C. Perry led U.S. warships into Tokyo Bay.
The Japanese were
awed by Perry’s ships.
In 1854, Japan agreed
to trade with the
United States.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward
arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia.
• He hoped to open trade in Asia and the
Pacific.
• Critics thought the land was worthless. They
called the deal “Seward’s Folly.”
Alaska turned out to be rich in gold and other resources.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Until the late 1800s, American foreign policy
differed from that of many European nations.
United States
The U.S. generally
pursued a policy of
isolationism. It did
not get involved in
other nations’ affairs.
European Nations
Many nations
undertook a policy of
imperialism. They
wanted to expand into
new territories.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In the late 1800s, however, America was
gripped by a new spirit of expansionism.
Supporters made several arguments about the
benefits of expansionism.
Promote
economic
growth
Expansionism
Spread
American
values
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Causes and Effects of U.S. Expansionism
Causes
• Western frontier closes.
• European nations acquire
overseas colonies and
compete for resources
and markets.
• U.S. industry needs to
acquire raw materials and
find new markets in
which to sell its products.
• Some in the United
States want to spread
American culture and
values.
Effects
• U.S. Navy grows in size and
power.
• United States gains control of
territories in the Caribbean and
the Pacific.
• United States issues Open Door
Policy (all nations can trade
with China).
• United States builds Panama
Canal.
• United States sends troops to
Latin American nations to
protect its own interests.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
U.S. expansionists expressed interest in many Pacific
island chains, including Samoa.
Three nations
fought for Samoa.
U.S.
Britain
Samoa
In 1899, the United
States and Germany
divided Samoa.
Germany
The people of Samoa had no say in the matter. American
Samoa is now a U.S. territory. German Samoa changed
hands. New Zealand administered it until 1962 when it
gained its independence, becoming Samoa.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Americans also eyed Hawaii, because its location was
ideal for a military outpost between the United States
and Asia.
1820
American planters came to Hawaii and set
up huge sugar plantations.
1887
Planters forced the Hawaiian king to
accept a new constitution.
1891
Liliuokalani became Hawaii’s queen. She
advocated for Hawaiian independence.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1893, American planters organized an uprising
that ultimately led the United States to annex
Hawaii.
They persuaded a U.S. official
to send 50 marines to Hawaii.
The marines
overthrew the queen.
President Cleveland
disapproved, declaring
the revolt illegal.
Hawaii became a U.S.
territory in 1898.
President McKinley
succeeded Cleveland,
and he felt differently.
He approved the treaty
to annex Hawaii.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Expansion across
the Pacific
allowed the
United States to
gain resources,
open new
markets, and
encourage trade.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In the late 1800s, China was weakened by war.
Other nations took advantage of this weakness.
European powers and
Japan forced China to
grant them land and
trading rights.
They divided China
into spheres of
influence.
U.S. Secretary of State Hay wanted to keep
an “open door” in China. He wanted to
preserve trade with China.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
To prevent the other powers from seizing Chinese
territory, Hay issued the Open Door Policy.
Open Door Policy
America intended to preserve
open trade with other nations.
China should not be broken up
into separate pieces.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1900, the United States helped end the Boxer
Rebellion in China.
• The Boxers
opposed foreigners
in China.
• They staged a
violent rebellion in
1900.
The United States and other powers sent troops to end the
rebellion.