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PREPARED BY D.L. BULL
Who what when where?
Who what when where?
April 25, 1898 United States declared
war on Spain
 War ended with the signing of the
Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898
 Why was the United states at war with
Spain?
 We must look to 1492……...

Columbus connection

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
Spain was the first
European nation to
sail west across the
Atlantic.
An empire resulted
from this exploration
in the New World.
By 1825 much of the
empire had been
lost .

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

The Spanish empire
in the Western
Hemisphere left
was:
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Philippine Islands
islands in Micronesia
including Guam
DETAILED BACKGROUND
UNITED STATES EXPANSIONISM-A
COUNTRY’S PROSPERITY DEPENDS ON
EXPANDING ITS BORDERS
 SINCE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON 1808
THE UNITED STATES THOUGHT IT
SHOULD OWN CUBA
 U.S. ALSO WANTED SOME OF SPAIN’S
EMPIRE FOR: TRADE OVERSEAS AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
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
CUBA WAS
UNHAPPY WITH
SPANISH RULE AND
WANTED
INDEPENDENCE
FEB. ,1895
REBELLION LED BY
JOSE MARTI
GEN. VALERIANO
WEYLER - SPANISH
GOVERNOR
HE HAD BEEN FRUSTRATED BY THE
GUERILLA FIGHTING OF THE CUBAN
REBELS-HIT AND RUN TACTICS
 HE DECIDED TO PLACE ALL REBELS
CAPTURED IN “RECONCENTRATION
CAMPS”-300,000 PLACED
 THERE WERE NOT ENOUGH SUPPLIES
AND THOUSANDS DIED OF DISEASE,
STARVATION, AND OVERCROWDING

YELLOW JOURNALISM
LATE 1800’S MOST NEWSPAPERS WERE
NOT AS ACCURATE AS THEY ARE
TODAY
 TWO SENSATIONALISTIC PAPERS
WERE COMPETING TO SEE WHO
COULD SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS
 NEW YORK JOURNAL-WILLIAM
RANDOLPH HEARST
 NEW YORK WORLD-JOSEPH PULTIZER



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THEY WANTED TO
SELL NEWSPAPERS
INCREASE
CIRCULATION
DECIDED TO DRUM
UP SUPPORT FOR
THE CUBAN REBELS
CUBAN PATRIOTS
OPERATING FROM
AMERICA


HEARST SAID THE
NEWSPAPERS
CONTROL THE
NATION BECAUSE
THEY REPRESENT
THE PEOPLE
BOTH STARTED
TAINTING THE
REPORTS COMING
OUT OF CUBA
TRYING TO SHOCK
1897-PRESIDENT MCKINLEY BEGAN TO
PRESSURE SPAIN TO LOOSEN
CONTROL ON THE CUBANS
 CUBA DEMANDED FULL
INDEPENDENCE
 JANUARY 1898, MCKINLEY ORDERED
THE BATTLESHIP MAINE TO ANCHOR
IN HAVANA HARBOR TO KEEP
CONTROL OF THE SITUATION

JAN. ,1898 UNITED STATES
BATTLESHIP MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA
HARBOR AS A SYMBOL OF OUR
STRENGTH AND SUPPORT OF CUBA
 FEB. 15, 1898 THE MAINE EXPLODES
AND SINKS KILLING 262 AMERICAN
CREW MEMBERS
 “REMEMBER THE MAINE
JOURNAL
TO H-LL WITH SPAIN”
SLOGAN

WHO OR WHAT BLEW UP THE
MAINE?



SPAIN?- MOST
AMERICANS
THOUGHT SO
CUBAN REBELS?MAYBE TO MAKE
THE U.S. JOIN THE
FIGHT
AMERICANS?MAYBE BUT IT WAS
TREASON


ANOTHER
COUNTRY?- TO TRY
TO BRING U.S.
INTO WAR
ACCIDENTAL
EXPLOSION?- GOOD
CHANCE FROM A
FLOATING MINE OR
GUNPOWDER
INSIDE THE SHIP
MARCH, 1898 CONGRESS PASSED A
LAW ALLOCATING FIFTY MILLION
DOLLARS TO BUILD UP THE MILITARY
 THE VOLUNTEER ARMY CAME
TOGETHER IN FLORIDA INCLUDING
FOUR UNITS OF AFRICAN- AMERICAN
SOLDIERS
 THE NAVY WAS READY BUT ARMY WAS
NOT….
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THOUSANDS OF
VOLUNTEERS
RUSHED TO JOINALL KINDS OF
PEOPLE FROM
SOCIALITES TO
OUTLAWS
LACKED GUNS,
TENTS, AND
BLANKETS
NEEDED TRAINING
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
GIVEN HEAVY
WOOLEN UNIFORMS
TO FIGHT IN THE
WARM TROPICS
THE FOOD WAS
LEFTOVER CANNED
RATIONS FROM THE
CIVIL WAR-ROTTEN
DISGUSTING
NO PROPER
SANITARY AREAS
AMAZING NUMBERS
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TOTAL IN THE WAR
5,462 AMERICANS
LOST THEIR LIVES
ONLY 379 DIED IN
COMBAT
THE REST FROM
UNSANITARY
CONDITIONS
WHICH CAUSED
PLAGUE AND
YELLOW FEVER
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
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
WILL BECOME
PRESIDENT
BECAUSE HE
BECOMES HERO
ASSISTANT
SECRETARY OF THE
NAVY
SENT FLEET SOUTH
QUIT AND FORMED
CAVALRY UNIT



WHOLE THING LASTED
110 -113 DAYS
MAY- THE FLEET
ROOSEVELT SENT
SOUTH ATTACKED THE
PHILLIPINE ISLANDSSPANISH
BATTLE OF MANILA
BAY-COMMODORE
DEWEY-SURPRISE

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DESTROYED TEN
SPANISH SHIPS
WITHOUT LOSING
ONE U.S. SAILOR
CRUSHED THE
SPANISH NAVY IN
THE PACIFIC
EMILIO
AGUINALDO-REBEL
DROPPED OFF TO
FIGHT SPANISH
HAWAII AND GUAM
THE SENATE VOTED TO ANNEX - OR
TAKE OVER -HAWAII
 REASON- U.S. NEEDED THE ISLANDS
AS A HALFWAY STOP TO THE
PHILIPPINES
 GUAM- THE SPANISH GOVERNOR
SURRENDED BEFORE HE KNEW SPAIN
WAS AT WAR
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AMERICAN TROOPS
LANDED ON CUBA’S
COAST JUNE 22,
1898
VOLUNTEERS
NICKNAMED
“ROUGH RIDERS”
GOOD NAME
EXCEPT THE
HORSES DIDN’T
SHOW-WALKERS
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ROOSEVELTSECOND IN
COMMAND OF THE
ROUGH RIDERS
AFRICAN AMERICAN
9 TH AND 10 TH
CAVALRIES CALLED
THE “SMOKED
YANKEES” BY THE
SPANISH
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SAN JUAN HEIGHTS
JULY 1, 1898
ROUGH RIDERS LED
BY T.R. CHARGE UP
KETTLE HILL
SPANISH ARMY
RACED DOWN THE
OTHER SIDE IN
RETREAT
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
GEN. JACOB KENT
LED THE CHARGE
UP SAN JUAN HILL
AND PUSHED THE
SPANISH FARTHER
INLAND
SPANISH NAVY
TRIED TO ESCAPEJULY 3- ALL SHIPS
SUNK OR RUN
AGROUND
CUBA SURRENDERED JULY 17, 1898
 PUERTO RICO -AUGUST 12,1898
 PHILIPPINES- COMMODORE DEWEY
STILL FIGHTING AGAINST THE
SPANISH WITH THE HELP OF THE
FILIPINO REBELS
 AUGUST 13, 1898 U.S. TAKES OVER
CAPITAL-MANILA- DEAL WITH SPAIN

PEACE TREATY SIGNED DECEMBER 10,
1898-TREATY OF PARIS
 SPAIN GAVE UP CUBA
 U.S. TOOK CONTROL OF PUERTO RICO,
GUAM AND THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
 PAID $20 MILLION FOR PHILIPPINES
 SPAIN ENDED ITS 400 YEAR OLD
EMPIRE-SINCE COLUMBUS
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“A SPLENDID LITTLE WAR”
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UNITED STATED
BECAME A NEW
WORLD POWER
PROUD VICTORY
T.R. BECAME A WAR
HERO -PRESIDENT
WAR COST $250
MILLION
5,462 DIED- 90%
OR MORE DISEASE
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U.S. SENATE
UNSURE WHAT TO
DO WITH IT
SHOULD THE
PHILIPPINE PEOPLE
HAVE THEIR
INDEPENDENCE
REBELS AGAIN LED
BY AGUINALDO
STARTED FIGHTING
AGAINST U.S.


U.S. SET UP A CIVIL
GOVERNMENT
HEADED BY A
GOVERNORWILLIAM HOWARD
TAFT
THREE YEAR
STRUGGLE-BRUTAL
USING TORTURE
AND MASSACRE
UNTIL 1902
FINAL SOLUTION
1902 PHILIPPINES-UNICORPORATED
NOT CITIZENS-TO BE INDEPENDENT
LATER-JULY 4, 1946…44 YEARS
 1917-PUERTO RICO GIVEN
CITIZENSHIP AND BECAME A
COMMONWEALTH OF THE U.S.- MUST
OBEY OUR LAWS BUT IS NOT A STATE

FINAL SOLUTION II
CUBA-CONGRESS HAD PASSED THE
TELLER AMENDMENT DECLARING
THAT THE U.S. WOULD NOT ANNEX OR
TAKE OVER CUBA
 SET UP A MILITARY GOVERNMENT TO
HELP RECOVER FROM THE WAR
 GAVE FOOD, BUILT ROADS AND
SCHOOLS, IMPROVED SANITATION,
HELPED CURE YELLOW FEVER
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The Platt Amendment
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1901 CUBANS ADOPTED A CONSTITUTION
AND DECLARED THEY WERE READY FOR
SELF RULE
TO PROTECT CUBA FROM BEING TAKEN
OVER BY ANOTHER COUNTRY CONGRESS
ADDED THE PLATT AMENDEMENT MAKING
CUBA A PROTECTORATE- U.S. HAD TO
INTERVENE FOUR TIMES UNTIL 1934
Guantonamo Bay – U. S. Naval Base still in
use today.
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LOOK BACK
THROUGH PP.679685
REREAD PP.672-673
ABOUT T.R.
CHECK OUT THE
MAP P.683 UNITED
STATES OVERSEAS
POSSESSIONS 18581900