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American History
American History
Unit II – Becoming a World Power
Chapter 7 Section 1- The Lure of Imperialism
The Lure of Imperialism
The Main Idea
The United States entered the imperialist competition later
than the European powers but soon extended its influence in
the Pacific region.
Reading Focus
What inspired the imperialist activity of the late 1800s?
How did the United States take control of Hawaii?
How did the United States gain influence in China?
How did the United States exert influence in Japan?
Several industrialized nations
competed to gain territory
throughout the world.
The Industrial Revolution had increased wealth in many
nations, causing them to look elsewhere for markets and
opportunities for investment.
An increase in trade had brought about the rise of large
navies to protect trading interests. These navies needed
strategically placed bases for refueling and repairs.
Ideologies such as Social Darwinism justified European
expansion into Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
The Imperialist Powers
The Imperialists
Great Britain
France
Belgium
Germany
Japan
Ideology
Nationalism, or love of one’s
country
Social Darwinism, a belief
in the cultural superiority of
western nations over less
industrially developed
nations
Christian missionaries
sought to convert believers
of other faiths.
Imperialist Activity
Imperialism: Extending a nation’s power over
other lands.
Causes of U.S. Expansionism
– Economic- Desire for new markets and raw materials
– Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling stations.
– Ideological- desire to bring Christianity, western-style
culture and democracy to other peoples.
Scramble for territory- 1800’s
– European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the
economy of Latin America
– America believed it was its “manifest destiny” to
expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now people
sought lands even further west.
Imperialist Activity
What inspired the imperialist activity
of the late 1800’s?
What motivated industrialized
nations to expand?
How do you rank the three reasons
for imperialistic expansion?
Alaska
Russian Fur traders
After 1799- Russian, British and American fur
traders.
1867- Sea Otters growing scarce and Russia
recovering from Crimean War offers to sell Alaska to
U.S.
Sec. of State William Seward was eager to buy.
Potential of fur, timber, and metals.
“Seward’s Icebox” and “Seward’s Folly”- bought for
$7.2 million.
Taking Control of Hawaii
British explorer James Cook first visited Hawaii in
1778.
Hawaii was ideally located for coaling stations and
bases for ships trading between the U.S. and Asia.
American missionaries and others came to Hawaii
and raised crops, particularly sugarcane.
The sugar industry grew and gained influence and
control.
King Kalakaua negotiated a treaty that made
Hawaiian sugar cheap to import to the United
States.
Sugar planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani with
the help of the U.S. marines.
Sugar tycoon Sanford Dole became president of the
Republic of Hawaii.
Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.
Influence in Hawaii
Early Contact
– British in 1778
– Chief Kamehameha- united eight
islands and established a kingdom.
Kamehameha designed a fleet of war canoes called peleleu
– Americans arrive- traders and
and were mounted with guns for his conquest of the
missionaries.
Hawaiian Islands.
– Foreigners brought diseases.
Sugar cane and power
– Investors in the Sugar Cane industry
began to increase their control and
their profits. Sanford B. Dole.
– King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to
allow Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax
free and make it the cheapest sugar.
Taking Control of Hawaii
Plotting against the king and the end of the
monarchy
– Hawaiian League- secret organization to
overthrow the king and establish democracyAmerican business leaders, planters and traders.
– Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakauahe lost power, his people couldn’t vote and Pearl
Harbor went to the Americans.
– Sugar treaty rejected
Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power
of the monarchy.
– 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and
Queen surrenders.
– Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as
president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S.
protection.
Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of
this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii
become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.
Taking Control of Hawaii
Why was Hawaii an ideal acquisition for
the United States?
In what ways did Captain James Cook’s
visit to Hawaii have both good and bad
results?
How did American Businessmen, traders
and planters protect their economic
interests in Hawaii?
Why was ceding Pearl Harbor to the U.S.
so significant?
What do you think Quieen Liliuokalani
could have done to save her kingdom?
The Open Door Policy gives the
United States an equal footing in
China.
• European powers gained spheres of influence in China.
• The United States feared it would be shut out of the
valuable China trade.
• Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door
Policy, giving all nations equal trading rights in China.
• Increased foreign presence in China led to the Boxer
Rebellion.
• Western nations cooperated to quell the rebellion and
continue exploitation of Chinese trade.
Influence in China
Before 1842 Foreigners were only allowed to
trade in Guangzhou.
1842- British force China to open 5 ports and for
the next 50 years foreigners overran the country.
Spheres of Influence- Japan, Russia, France,
Germany, and Great Britain (U.S. too late)
U.S. Sec. of State John Hay proposed the “Open
Door Policy” in 1899- all nations have equal
trading rights. No one really rejected it so he
announced it as being approved.
Boxer Rebellion– Secret society of Righteous and Harmonious
Fists- Boxers. Attacked foreigners and
Missionaries
– 20,000 foreign troops rushed in (2,000 American)
– China forced to sign settlement agreement
Open Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 3:28 min.
Influence in China
How did the Boxer Rebellion
ultimately help the United States?
What motivated the Boxers to attack
foreigners in Beijing?
What affect did the Open Door Policy
have on China?
Diplomacy and naval superiority
help the U.S. gain influence in
Japan.
Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the
mid-1800s.
Commodore Matthew Perry brought four steamships
into Tokyo Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its
ports to trade.
Japan quickly became an industrial and military
power to compete with the West.
Opening Japan (01:49)
Forbidden Entry (07:01)
Influence in Japan
1853- Commodore
Matthew Perry sent to get
trade treaty with Japan.
Japanese awed by U.S.
naval strength- Treaty of
Kanagwa 1854.
Japanese modernization
Japan seized Taiwan in
1895.
Influence in Japan
Why did the Russo-Japanese War
begin?
How did Japan become a world
power?
Russo-Japanese War
Desire by both Japan and Russia to develop
'spheres of influence' in the Far East, mainly at
the expense of China.
Japan knew that they could not win a long war
fought over a vast expanse, but they could win a
short localized war.
Through the mediation of U.S. President
Theodore Roosevelt peace was made in
September at Portsmouth, N.H.1905
The Portsmouth Treaty ended the RussoJapanese War. Russia had suffered severe
defeats and Japan was in financial difficulties.
The disastrous outcome of the war for Russia
was one of the immediate causes of the Russian
Revolution of 1905.
Japan gained the position of a world power,
becoming the first non-European and nonAmerican imperialist modern state.
Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
Root-Takahira Agreement- 1905
A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far East. Japan
would be allowed to annex Korea, and pursue interests in
Manchuria
Recognition of China's independence and territorial integrity,
and support for continuation of the Open Door policy
An agreement to mutual consultation in the event of future Far
Eastern crises. Japan will not meddle with U.S. colonies in
the Pacific.
T. Roosevelt sends the “Great White Fleet” of 16 battleships
on a 43,000 mile 2 year trip around the world in 1907.
Stopped at 20 points on six continents. Can’t let the Japanese
think we are weak.