Download Statehood for Texas

Statehood for Texas
LEGISLATURE
 A government
body that has
the power to
make or pass
laws.
Executive branch
 The part of the
government
that carries out
the laws
Legislative Branch
 The part of the
government
that makes the
laws.
Judicial Branch
 The part of the
government that
interprets the laws
and applies these
laws in the court
system.
Governor
 The highest
ranking officer
in the state
government.
Lieutenant governor
 The second
highest ranking
officer in the
state govt.
Cession
 The transfer of
land from one
country to
another.
Abolitionist
 A person who
wants to end
slavery.
 Sam Houston was elected as the 1st
president of Texas in 1836. Texans
also showed they wanted to be
annexed to the U.S.
From Republic to a State
 The Republic of Texas began in 1836 and
for another 10 years, TX tries to
become part of the U.S.
The resolution to annex Texas to the U.S.
was signed on March 1, 1845.
On March 1, 1845, Texas becomes the 28th
state of the United States.
 The resolution stated that Texas could be
divided into 5 states.
At this point, a new constitution was
needed for Texas. The state
constitution would closely followed
that of the United States.
Delegates met on July 4, 1845 in
Austin. Jose Navarro was the only
Texas born delegate among them.
Jose Antonio Navarro
 Was a member of the Coahuila y Tejas state
legislature and to the federal congess at
Mexico City.
 Elected to the Texas Congress
 Helped write the Texas state constitution.
 Served two years in Texas Senate
Texas State Constitution of
1845 modeled the US
Constitution.
 The statehood
constitution that
outlines the three
branches of govt.,
creates the
executive, the
legislative, and the
judicial offices.
Provisions of the Const. of 1845:
 Protected homesteads from being
taken to pay debts
 Did not allow ministers or priest to
serve in the legislature
 Allowed settlers to continue bringing
slaves into the state.
 Protected women’s right to own land.
 Outlined the 3 branches of the state
government.
 Created the offices of governor and
lieutenant governor.
 Created the legislature, which included the
House of Representatives and the Senate.
 Set up court system.
Branches of Government and
Officials







James P. Henderson----Executive
Albert C. Horton---------Executive
Thomas J. Rusk----------Legislative
Sam Houston------------Legislative
David Kaufman----------Legislative
Timothy Pillsbury--------Legislative
John Hemphill------------Judicial
James P. Henderson
 The first governor of TX – 1845
 Established the first govt. of TX
 Governed during war with Mexico
Allen Horton was elected lieutenant governor.
12.2 Mexican and U.S. Policy on
Texas
The admission of Texas to the U.S. had
created hard feelings between Mexico
and the U.S.
Even though Santa Anna had signed the
Treaties of Velasco, the Mexican government refused to recognize Texas
independence.
Mexico claimed that Santa Anna signed
the treaties only because his life was in
danger. Therefore, Mexico did not recognize Texas independence even though
Texas was a Republic. Leaders in Mexico thought that the Texas Revolution
had been planned by the U.S. Mexico
warned if the U.S. admitted Texas into
the Union, it would mean war.
Tensions between Mexico and the
U.S.
The U.S. believed Texas border was at
the Rio Grande. Mexico said the border
was the Nueces River, since they didn’t
recognize the Treaties of Velasco.
The dispute was also about the U.S.
wanted to gain control of California and
all the land between Texas and the
Pacific ocean.
Claimed by
Mexico &
Texas
Many U.S. citizens believed that expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean
was certain to happen. This idea was
known as MANIFEST DESTINY.
When Texas was annexed, President
Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico to try
to ease tensions between the U.S.
and Mexico.
Zachary Taylor
 When tensions increased with Mexico,
he was sent to place troops along the
Nueces River line.
 Known as “Old rough & ready”
 Many victories in War w/Mexico led to
his election as U.S. President 1848
Winfiled Scott
 Commander took over Taylor’s troops.
 Sailed to Vera Cruz with his troops.
Mariano Arista
 Mexican general
led troops South of
Rio Grande during
the US-Mexico war.
 Becomes Pres. of
Mexico after the
war.
War with Mexico
1846 - 1848
 U.S. declared war
May 13,1846
 Texans view war as
chance to
“remember the
Alamo” & the
Mier Expedition.
Cause of War:
 Mexico claimed the Nueces River as
its border, and the United
States/Texas claimed the Rio Grande.
 The war began at Brownsville when a
small battle breaks out, and American
blood is shed.
Texas Rangers
 Created by SFA to
protect settlers from
Native American raids
 Fought & served as
scouts in US-Mex war.
 Called “los diablos
Tejanos” by Mexicans
due to their fighting
ability (they adopted
fighting style of
Comanches)
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 Helped U.S.
achieve Manifest
Destiny because
Mexico agreed to:
 Recognize TX as
part of the US
 Surrender all land
between TX &
Pacific Ocean
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo:
 Ended the Mexican War.
 Mexican Cession: the Southwest is
claimed by the United States.
 Mexico accepts Texas as part of the
United States, and the United States
paid $15 million to Mexico.
 The Rio Grande River is the border of
Texas.
12.3 The TEXAS—New Mexico
Border
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established Texas’ southern border at the
Rio Grande. However, the dispute continued because Texans claimed that
their border continued northward
through central New Mexico into
Colorado.
Disagreements over Slavery and
Territories
In 1848, the U.S. had several problems.
One, the dispute over Texas’s western
boundary and territorial disputes.
Zachary Taylor became president of the
U.S. in 1848.
Disagreements Over Slavery and Territories
Slaveholders:
 Didn’t want California to join the Union.
 Favored large western boundary for
TX
 Wanted federal help for finding run-away
slaves
Abolitionists
 Wanted California to join
 Wanted to limit TX borders
 Wanted to outlaw slavery in Washing
D.C.
12. 3 Henry Clay
 Writer of the
Compromise of
1850
 Proposed main
ideas of
Compromise
Compromise of 1850
 California became a state
 New Mexico & Utah become territories
 TX gets $10million in exchange for disputed
land north and west (along Rio Grande)
(this would help in paying off Texas’ debt)
 Fugitive Slave Law passed
 Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.