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ARTICLE I, SECTION 9, CLAUSE 2 OF THE
CONSTITUTION: "The Privilege of the Writ of
Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when
in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety
may require it.”
4TH AMENDMENT: The right of the people to be
secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not
be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be searched, and
the persons or things to be seized.
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COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION: Censorship of the press and other
vehicles of public information.
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ESPIONAGE ACT of 1917: passed by Congress in 1917 after the United States
entered the war. It prescribed a $10,000 fine and 20 years' imprisonment for
interfering with the recruiting of troops or the disclosure of information dealing
with national defense.
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SEDITION ACTS of 1918: any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language
about the form of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the
United States, or the military or naval forces of the United States, or the flag of the
United States, or the uniform of the Army or Navy of the United States, or any
language intended to bring [any of the above] into contempt, scorn, contumely, or
disrepute.
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WOODROW WILSON’S WAR MESSAGE:
In his war message to Congress, President
Wilson had warned that the war would require
a redefinition of national loyalty. There were
"millions of men and women of German birth
and native sympathy who live amongst us," he
said. "If there should be disloyalty, it will be
dealt with a firm hand of repression."