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Macro Concepts Change-a revolution in the way something is done. Power-The authority to control citizens by using regulations and laws. Conflict-Problem or troubling issue that can cause problems without compromise. Leadership-Setting a positive example for others to follow. Micro Concepts Isolationism-the concept of a nation staying away from alliances and foreign relations. Nationalism- an extreme and sometimes dangerous devotion to a nation/country. Self-determination-the persistence and commitment of a person or nation to rule him/her/itself. 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The Temperance movement had a profound effect on American culture. After decades of pressure by Christian socialists and Progressives the 18th Amendment was passed to prohibit the manufacture, possession, sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Passage of the Volstead Act made enforcement of Prohibition more powerful because the federal government used the U.S. Treasury Department to conduct raids on speakeasies and bootlegging factories. 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution On August 26, 1920 universal women’s suffrage was granted in the United States. Because of de jure and de facto discrimination against women throughout U.S. history many women had been unwilling to be active in fighting for civil rights. However, courageously active women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton protested and lobbied legislatures relentlessly and were eventually able to secure voting rights for American women. In order to generate public support for World War I President Wilson created the C.P.I. Committee on Public Information. An experienced news journalist named George Creel was assigned to lead the CPI in order to sell the war to the American people. From 1917 forward propaganda became a very powerful tool used by the United States government in order to influence popular opinion. Food Administration led by Herbert Hoover The federal government was also successfully able to mobilize citizens by encouraging them to ration food. Citizens were encouraged by the U.S. Food Administration to conserve food, avoid waste and grow their own food when possible. Citizens grew victory gardens as a symbolic way to support the war effort. The goal of the U.S. Food Administration was to increase food production while reducing civilian consumption. Future president Herbert Hoover was in charge of the agency. The W.I.B. War Industries Board led by Bernard Baruch In order to coordinate all of the necessary materials to create weapons and other essential products President Wilson created the W.I.B. War Industries Board. Wealthy and powerful Wall Street banker Bernard Baruch was assigned to run the federal agency. The agency had the power to allocate and ration raw materials and force companies whatever materials the U.S. needed to win the war. Some examples included car companies making military vehicles and aviation companies making fighter planes. Espionage and Sedition Acts Two laws were passed by Congress to curtail [limit] the civil liberties of U.S. citizens during the war. The Espionage Act imposed strict sanctions on anyone opposing the war or spying and passing sensitive information to foreign governments. The Sedition Act forbade U.S. citizens from speaking out against the war in public. Espionage and Sedition Acts These laws were challenged in the U.S. Supreme Court. Charles Schenck was arrested for mailing pamphlets to draftees telling them to protest the war. He was arrested and convicted for sedition. He appealed citing his 1st Amendment Free Speech rights his case was known as Schenk vs. United States. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the convictions and the Sedition Act citing national security interests during war time. Eugene V. Debs was also jailed on similar charges of protesting against the U.S. government. Debs was the rowdy and vocal socialist labor union leader and agitator. I.W.W. Industrial Workers of the World If you remember from previous lessons labor unions fought for the rights of workers by organizing. The federal government believed that radical union behavior during the was such as strikes would harm the war effort. The U.S. Department of Justice conducted raids on labor union buildings and during meetings. Through law enforcement and propaganda public opinion was turned against labor unions during World War I. So much so that so labor leaders were lynched. Power and Paranoia of the Federal Government After the Great War the United States had increased powers based on the Espionage and Sedition Acts. To uncover threats against the United States the U.S. Attorney General Mitchell Palmer ordered raids on suspected communists and anarchists. The Palmer raids were conducted by federal agents to uncover domestic threats to the U.S. This was the first major international meeting in the United States about disarmament. The purpose of the meeting to avoid future military build ups [especially naval] in foreign nations. The Empire of Japan managed to scheme a way to building a very powerful navy heading into WWII. John L. Lewis and the United Mine Workers The Dawes Plan http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/197275/197275,1245080271,2/stock-photo-nodrinking-prohibition-sign-32073730.jpg http://globalhiphopbattles.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/votes_for_women.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5HDt8yhwIA/TWFseN8stFI/AAAAAAAAAqI/s7ywxU2z00k/s1600/susan_b_anthony_1.jpg http://dezzimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/elizabeth_stanton.jpg http://thm-a01.yimg.com/nimage/4eaf104e3609ba5a http://www.monkeytime.org/Site%20Images/ww1hun.jpg http://denverlibrary.org/files/food_0.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FzxdPuAzmyM/Rr0lJuxOZcI/AAAAAAAAAfI/10PRgVzqeoE/s400/250pxHHoover.jpg http://www.glogster.com/media/5/15/3/50/15035060.jpg http://www.iq.poquoson.org/7socst/ww1/baruch.jpg http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/1631/ELT200711111115042170476.JPG http://staff.tamhigh.org/chamberlin/chamberlin%20period%205%20website/online%20news%20paper/Ima ges/sumtalked.JPG http://0.tqn.com/d/forestry/1/5/H/D/cof1910.jpg http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/EugeneDebs.gif/230px-EugeneDebs.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Mitchell_Palmer.jpg http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/Exhibition/eg25.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jlewis-cph3c20320-cropped.jpg http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/thaelmann/thaelmann6.jpg http://www.naval-history.net/Photo01bbFrRichelieu.jpg