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Aim: What events led to the start
of the Spanish-American War?
Do Now
Hand in your HW.
Pick up note sheet and answer the questions.
Look at HW board for tonight’s assignment.
Objectives
• Students will be able to understand how and
why the United States grew during the 19th
Century.
• Students will be able to recognize that
American territorial growth had widespread
economic, political and social impacts both
home and abroad.
• To understand the relative importance of
American domestic and foreign policies over
time.
2. The Spanish American War
• As you have seen from the last lesson, our
interest in foreign affairs kept growing in the
late 1800s.
• By the 1890s, the United States became a
major industrial nation.
• By 1900, the United States became an empire
after defeating the Spanish in the SpanishAmerican War.
Question #1
• What major event made the United States
turn from an industrial power to an empire?
• The event which turned the US into an empire
was the Spanish-American War.
2.1 Cuba
• The major cause of the Spanish-American War
centered around the events on the island
nation of Cuba. (Cuba sits 90 miles SW of Key
West, Florida and is run by a dictator named
Fidel Castro, he, you will know about later.)
• By the late 1800s, the Spanish, who you know
at one time was the powerful nation in the
world, like 300 years earlier, was now
weakened.
• By the end of the 1800s, the only possessions left
in the Spanish Empire were Cuba and Puerto
Rico.
• Cuba, with its close proximity to the US, knew of
both the Haitian and Latin American Revolutions
of the 1800s and just like the US, the Cubans
revolted in 1868, but were put down by the
Spanish.
• In the 1890s, the Cubans tried again, this time
with some back-up….the United States
Spanish Misrule of Cuba
• In 1895, the Cubans tried to revolt against Spain a
second time.
• The Spanish, under General Weyler moved the
Cubans into relocation camps because the
Spanish feared the Cubans were helping the
revolters.
• Thousands of Cubans died as a result of the
Spanish policy of relocations.
• Americans became interested when their
business investments were threatened.
• The American people found out about the
events in Cuba through newspapers.
• The biggest newspapers in New York, William
Randolph Hearst’s Journal and Joseph
Pulitzer’s World competed with one another
to sell newspapers.
• Their newspapers told of the shocking cruelty
and horrific conditions caused by Spanish rule
in Cuba.
• This kind of reporting became known as
yellow journalism. This journalism still exists
with shows like TMZ, Entertainment, Inside
Edition, Access Hollywood.
• The newspaper reports shocked Americans .
People began to think of reasons to go to war
against the Spanish.
Weyler’s Relocation Policy (1895)
Yellow Journalism
William
Randolph
Hearst
Joseph
Pulitzer
Hearst to Fredrick
Remington: “You
furnish the pictures
and I’ll furnish the
war.”
• Americans began to desire war with Spain
when it was discovered that their foreign
minister, Enrique Dupuy de Lome, wrote a
letter stating that American President William
McKinley was a poor politician and a crowd
pleaser.
• This letter was published in newspapers
stirring up more anger against the Spanish.
Enrique Dupuy de Lome
Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish
Ambassador to the U.S.
Criticized President
McKinley as weak and a
bidder for the
admiration
of the crowd, besides
being a would-be
politician
who tries to leave a
door
open behind himself
while
keeping on good terms
with the jingoes of his
party.
• The final straw came on February 15, 1898, when
the USS Maine was blown up in Havana harbor.
• No one knew for sure what caused the explosion,
but with the yellow journalism of Hearst and
Pulitzer, the Spanish were immediately blamed
for the event.
• Just like the 9/11 bumper stickers and shirts
commemorating the tragedy, people shouted
“Remember the Maine!!!” to show support to the
250 men lost in the explosion.
Remember the Maine!!!
Political Cartoon
Funeral in
Havana for
those who
died on the
Boat.
• On April 24, 1898, the United States Congress
authorized the decision to attack Spain.
• William McKinley declares that goals were to
recognize the independence of Cuba, remove
Spanish forces from the island and finally, at the
end of the war, the United States would pass the
Teller Amendment, which would create a
government of Cuban consisting of only Cubans.
• The United States had been preparing because
they were already blockading Cuba.
Question #2
• What is yellow journalism and which two
American publishers used this journalism to
sell newspapers?
• Yellow journalism focused on telling the most
shocking news stories occurring in Cuba. The
two publishers who used yellow journalism
were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph
Hearst.
Question #3
• The De Lome Letter and the explosion of the
U.S.S. Maine led the United States and
President McKinley to take what action
against Spain?
• On April 24, 1898, the United States declared
war on Spain and the Spanish-American War
began.
2.2 The Course of the War
• The Spanish American War brought the United
States into its first foreign conflict since the
Mexican War of 1846.
• The United States and Spain were both
unprepared to fight.
• However, the United States had a large navy
which would be the major advantage in the
war.
• The war is fought in Cuba, the
Philippines and Puerto Rico.
• The war is insignificant with a
few major battles and a death
toll of 379.
• The Philippines is the only area in the war that
sees actual fighting. (For those of you who don’t
know where the Philippines are-they are
southeast of China and are a series of islands like
Hawaii.)
• The islands were also part of the declining
Spanish empire.
• Two months before the war, Assistant Secretary
of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt ordered
Commodore George Dewey to sail to the
Philippines.
• On May 1, 1898, the United States Navy
entered Manila (the big city), destroyed the
Spanish navy and by August of 1898, the
United States attacked Manila and invaded the
Philippines.
• Soon after the invasion began, the Spanish
surrendered Manila.
Spanish American War-The Philippines
Dewey Captures Manila
• As some of our forces were attacking the
Philippines, 17,000 of our soldiers were
preparing to invade the island of Cuba.
• With very few Spanish forces on the island,
the United States military won two important
battles-one at El Caney and one at San Juan
Hill.
• The interesting tidbit of information about San
Juan Hill is that the charge was led by Theodore
Roosevelt, who resigned his position in
government to fight in the war.
• As a lieutenant colonel, Roosevelt recruited a few
people to join his regiment called the Rough
Riders, people he had met while living the
western United States.
• Soon after the arrival of the Rough Riders, the
United States military took Cuba.
Spanish American War-Cuba
Theodore Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of
the Navy in the
McKinley
administration.
Imperialist and
American nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as having the
backbone of a
chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to
fight in Cuba.
The Rough Riders
Stop, drop, open up shop.
Yo! Oh!
That’s how Rough Riders roll!!
Oops…that’s this guy’s Ruff Ryders
“Yo missa, yo jokes be mad corny!”
• There was also fighting on the island of Puerto
Rico, which was also possessed by the Spanish in
the late 1800s.
• Like the Cubans and the Filipinos, Puerto Rican
rebels began attacking the Spanish and were led
by Ramon Emeterio Betances, who although
could not defeat the Spanish, got the United
States to invade.
• In July 1898, the United States and the Spanish
signed an armistice-an agreement to stop the
fighting.
Question #4
• Where did the first fighting take place and
who was the hero of the fighting?
• The first fighting in the Spanish-American War
began in the Philippines. The hero in this area
was Admiral George Dewey who defeated the
Spanish in Manila harbor.
Question #5
• What important battles occurred in Cuba?
• The two most important battles were El
Carney and San Juan Hill.
Question #5
• Who were the Rough Riders?
• The Rough Riders were an infantry of middleto-upper class Americans who were led by
Theodore Roosevelt, who would use this
triumph to become vice president and then
president.
Question #6
• Who led the Puerto Rican rebels in their fight
against the Spanish?
• Ramon Emeterio Betances
2.3 The Treaty of Paris
• In October 1898, the United States and the
Spanish met to discuss the treaty to end the
Spanish American War.
• None of the representatives from the Philippines,
Puerto Rico or Cuba were asked to attend the
meetings.
• According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris,
Spain granted Cuba independence under the
protectorate of the United States. (Cuba was
never independent.)
• Puerto Rico, Guam and other islands in the
Pacific Ocean were given to the United States
as war payments.
• President William McKinley demanded the
Spanish give up the Philippines.
• They did, they sold the island nation to the
United States for $20,000,000. (FYI, A-Rod
makes more in a season than this land
purchase.)
• On February 6, 1899, the United States Senate
ratified the treaty.
• The United States now possessed islands in
the Caribbean and the Pacific.
• These nations would satisfy our need to
expand as an industrial nation and by 1900….
• The United States became an empire like the
nations of Western Europe.
Question 7
• How did the United States acquire Guam and
Puerto Rico? The Philippines?
• Guam and Puerto Rico were acquired from
Spain when the Treaty of Paris was signed. The
Philippines were bought from Spain for 20
million dollars.