Download File - Ms. D. Science CGPA

Managing Materials in the Body
Table of Contents
The Respiratory System
The Excretory System
Resources
Pearson online activity
Excretory/Urinary System
Respiratory System
Asthma
What is the Role of the Respiratory System? Pg. 472
• Your respiratory system moves air
containing oxygen into your lungs and
removes carbon dioxide and water from your
body.
•
Your lungs and the structures that lead to
them make up your respiratory system.
• The oxygen is used by body cells during
cellular respiration, in which the chemical
energy in glucose is released.
The Respiratory System Fig. 1 pg 473
Systems Working
Together
Describe how each
system provides cells with
materials needed for
cellular respiration. Then
tell how cellular respiration
helps the body maintain
homeostasis.
Breathing Structures pg. 474
Air, containing oxygen, enters the body
through the nose and then passes into the
pharynx, or throat.
It then passes into the trachea, or windpipe,
where tiny hairlike extensions known as
cilia sweep mucus up to the pharynx.
Air then moves into the bronchi, which are
passages to the lungs, the main organs of
the respiratory system.
The lungs consist of alveoli, which are
tiny sacs through which gases are
exchanged with the blood.
Did You Know? Pg. 474
• Some particles can irritate the
lining of your nose or throat,
causing you to sneeze.
• This powerful force shoots the
particles back into the air. The
wet spray from a sneeze can
travel up to 160 kilometers
per hour and spread more
than one meter away from
the sneezer!
The Respiratory System fig. 3 pg.475
Structures of the
Respiratory System
Particles in the air are
filtered out as the air
moves through the
respiratory system. What
does each part of the
respiratory system do?
Assess Your Under.
What Happens When You Breathe? Pg 476
Breathing is controlled by rib
muscles, as well as a large
dome-shaped muscle called
the diaphragm.
When you breathe, your rib
muscles and diaphragm work
together, causing air to move
into or out of your lungs.
This airflow leads to the
exchange of gases that occurs
in your lungs
The Respiratory System fig 4 pg. 476
The Breathing Process
When you inhale, air is pulled into your lungs. When you exhale, air is forced
out. What happens to your muscles when you breathe?
Speech & Vocal Cords pg 477
The air involved in breathing
also makes speech
possible.
Two folds of connective tissue,
known as vocal cords, stretch
across the opening of the
larynx, or voice box. The flow
of air along with the
contraction of muscles causes
the vocal cords to vibrate,
thereby producing sound.
Gas Exchange pg. 478-479
After air enters the alveolus, oxygen
passes through the wall of the
alveolus and then through the
capillary wall into the blood.
Similarly, carbon dioxide and water
pass from the blood into the air in the
alveolus. This whole process is called
gas exchange.
Gas exchange is aided by the
tremendous surface area of the many
alveoli in the lungs.
The Respiratory System Fig. 5 pg 478
Gas Exchange
Gases move across the thin walls of both alveoli
and capillaries. Determine the gas being
exchanged and describe where it is coming from
and moving to.
Assess your Und. Pg 479
The Respiratory System pg. 477
Breathing and Speaking
What are the steps involved in speaking?
Ch. 12.4
Excretory System
The Excretory System Do the Math. Pg. 481
Urine is made up of water, organic solids, and inorganic solids. The organic
solids include urea and acids. The inorganic solids include salts and minerals.
The solids are dissolved in the water.
What is the percentage of urine that is solids? What is the
percentage of solids that is urea?
What is the Role of the Excretory System? Pg. 481
• Excretion is the process of removing waste.
• The excretory system collects the wastes that cells produce and
removes them from the body.
The system consists of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
the kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
One waste the body must eliminate is urea, which is a chemical that
comes from the breakdown of proteins.
Structures that Remove Urine pg. 482
Urea, water, and other wastes are eliminated in a fluid called
urine.
Urine is produced in the kidneys- which are the major organs of
the excretory system
Nephrons in the kidneys filter materials from the blood. They
remove the wastes in urine and return any needed materials
back to the blood.
Urine then flows from the kidneys through two narrow tubes
called ureters, which carry urine to a saclike organ known as the
urinary bladder. Urine leaves the body through a small tube
called the urethra.
The Excretory System pg. 482
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary
bladder
Urethra
Removing Urine
Urine is produced in the
kidneys and then
removed from the body.
The Excretory System Fig. 2 pg. 483
How the Kidneys Work
Most of the work of the kidneys is
done in the nephrons.
Assess Your Under.
How Does Excretion helps to maintain
homeostasis? Pg. 484
• Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body’s
internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of
chemicals.
The organs of excretion include:
kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver
The kidneys filter blood. They regulate the amount of water in the body.
The lungs and skin also remove wastes. The lungs, for example,
remove carbon dioxide and some water.
The skin removes some water and urea through perspiration.
The liver produces urea and breaks down some wastes into forms that
can be excreted.
The Excretory System
Fig. 3 pg. 484
What is each organ’s role in excretion? Pg. 485
The Excretory System pg. 486-487
Moving Things Along
How do systems of the body move
and manage materials? Identify the
main function of the respiratory
system, the excretory system, the
circulatory system and the digestive
system.