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Nutrition Nutrition = the process of using food for growth, repair tissues and getting energy Two Types: Autotrophic Heterotrophic Ah-toe-trofs Autotrophs (Producers): Energy Photoautotrophs What does “photo” mean? Photo = Light Where do you think that the living things that are photoautotrophs get their energy? What type of energy do they use? Sunlight Ex. Green plants Food Examples of Autotrophs Hea-tur-oh-trofs Heterotrophs (Consumers): Food Get energy by eating “food” made by other living things Three types Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Energy Di-jes-chun Digestion: Getting Energy from Food Digestion = the process in which food is broken down into smaller substances (biomolecules) What are some biomolecules (organic and inorganic compounds)? Starch, carbohydrates, sugar, lipids. Smaller substances are then used to make energy They also help living things grow and repair cells There are 4 stages: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Egestion In-jes-chun 1) Ingestion Putting food into the body (through the mouth OF COURSE!) 2) Digestion The transformation of food into nutrients (smaller substances) that the body can absorb. Meh-kan-eh-kal and Khem-eh-cul Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Mechanical Digestion Food broken down into smaller pieces Chemical Digestion Food broken down into biomolecules Your mouth does both! Teeth = Mechanical Digestion Saliva (Spit) = Chemical Digestion contains enzymes Ab-sorp-chun 3) Absorption The movement of nutrients (biomolecules) from the digestive system into the blood The blood then takes them to the cells Ee-jes-chun 4) Egestion Egestion = the elimination of waste products from the digestive system. Waste Products Feces Body only takes out what it needs! Gas-trik Types of Digestive System Gastric Cavity Digestive tube A sac lined with cells A tube with a place where Structure of animals that use food enters (a mouth) and a place where it exits (an anus) Structure of animals that use extracellular digestion only intracellular digestion Digestion ONLY occurs inside of cells Digestion takes place outside of cells Digestive Tube Mouth Carbohydrate digestion Esophagus None Transports food from the mouth to the stomach Stomach Digestion Acids break down food through chemical digestion Small IntestineDigestion and Absorption Digestion and the beginning of absorption Large Intestine Absorption and Egestion Waste converted into feces Some absorption Anus and Rectum Egestion Removal of waste products Accessory Glands Salivary Glands, Pancreas, and Liver Make enzymes to break down food into specific biomolecules Ingestion Respiratory System What goes in must come out! Waste produced when we breathe just like when we eat Respiratory System is in control of the exchange of gases Oxygen inhaled Carbon Dioxide exhaled Gas exchange 4 types of Respiration Systems and different ways that gas is exchanged in different types of animals Que-tain-ee-ous 1) Cutaneous Respiration Gas exchange occurs through the skin Example: Earthworm Bran-key-ul 2) Branchial Respiration Gas exchange occurs through gills Example: Fish Tray-key-ul Spear-ah-kuls Tracheal Respiration Tray-key-ols Gas exchange occurs through internal tubes (called tracheae) Oxygen enters through the holes in the tracheae called spiracles Oxygen travels through tracheae in tunnels called tracheoles that carry the air directly to the cells Pul-mun-air-ee Pulmonary Respiration Gas exchange occurs in the lungs Lungs are internal cavities with thin, damp walls full of blood vessels Respiration occurs with inhalation and exhalation Inhalation Air taken into the lungs Exhalation Air expelled from the lungs Activities LET´S REVISE: PAGE 32: QUESTIONS 1 AND 2