Download circulatory and respiratory systems

DIGESTIVE
AND EXCRETORY
SYSTEMS
Science, Technology, & Society
MR. CANOVA
Period 11
THE NEED FOR FOOD
• Food
• Energy
• Vitamins,
Minerals, and
Water
Food
• The amount of energy you need depends on many factors such as age,
sex, rate of growth, and physical activity.
• Nutrient- a substance required by the body for:
– Energy
– Growth
– Repair
– Maintenance
• Digestion- The process of breaking down food into molecules the body
can use. (ATP)
• calorie- the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of
1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
• Calorie (food)= 1000 calories
SOURCES OF ENERGY
•
CARBOHYDRATES:
–
•
PROTEINS:
–
•
Organic compounds with Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen the provide
nutrients.
• Breads, Pasta, Grains, Cereals,
Potatoes, Fruit
Organic compounds with one or more
chains of amino acids
• Fish, Eggs, Poultry, Beef, Pork,
Nuts, Legumes, Milk, Cheese,
Tofu
FATS:
–
Organic compounds (lipids) that are
insoluble in water. Act as padding and
insulation
• Milk, Cheese, Meats,
Butter,Olives, Avocados, Fried
Foods, Oils, Chips
Building Materials
•
Substances that don’t provide energy,
but regulate the amount released within
the body.
•
VITAMINS
–
•
MINERALS
–
•
ORGANIC
NATURALLY OCCURING
INORGANIC
WATER
–
NATURALLY OCCURING
•
•
2/3 OF BODY’S WEIGHT IS WATER
OBESITY- BEING MORE THAN 20 PERCENT
HEAVIER THAN YOUR IDEAL BODY WEIGHT
–
BMI INDEX
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Food
• Energy
• Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
•
The taking in of food, breaking it down
into molecules small enough for the body
to absorb, and getting rid of undigested
molecules and waste
–
IMPORTANT FACTS:
• STARTS AT THE MOUTH, ENDS
AT THE ANUS
• FOOD TRAVELS MORE THAN
26 FEET
• HAS OVER 10 STRUCTURES
INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS
Beginning Digestion-PART I
• Mouth– Contains teeth, tongue,
and saliva.
• Throat– Contains pharynx &
esophagus (epiglottis).
• Stomach– Contains gastric juices
to break down food.
Continuing Digestion-PART II
• Small Intestine– Contains duodenum &
absorbs nutrients from
passing food.
• Large Intestine– Also called colon,
allows the passage of
wastes.
– Leads to the rectum.
Continuing Digestion-PART III
• Liver and Pancreas– Not part of digestive tract
but provide secretions to
system
• Liver– Releases bile
– Maintains blood sugar levels
– Detoxifies poisons
• Pancreas– Also called colon, all the
passage of wastes.
– Leads to the rectum.
Excretory System
• This system collects
and removes wastes
from the body.
• It also maintains
osmotic balance and
stable pH levels by
monitoring salt and
water levels.
EXCRETION
• The process that rids the body of toxic
chemicals, excess water, salts, and
CO2
• Major Organs
– Lungs (CO2)
– Kidneys (Nitrogen waste (urea))
– Skin (Water, Salts)
KIDNEYS
•
Regulate the amount of water and
salts in blood plasma.
•
Blood filter-Nephrons
– Tiny tubes in the kidneys that
produce urine
Reabsorption and secretion– Bowman’s capsule and renal
tubules
Urine formation- Ureters
– Tubes that carry urine to the
urinary bladder
Elimination of urine- Urethra
– Tube that urine leaves the body
through
•
•
•
• Male (penis) Female (Vagina)
Damage to the KIDNEYS
•
•
•
•
Diseases
Accidents
Infection, Diabetes, high blood pressure, body’s own immune system
Household chemicals
– Paint, Varnishes, Furniture oils, glues, aerosol sprays, air
fresheners, lead
• When any of the above occur:
– Toxic wastes such as urea, accumulate in the plasma and bloodplasma ion levels increase to dangerous amounts.
Treatment to Kidney damage
• 1) Kidney Dialysis
or
2) Kidney Transplant