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Circulatory System Blood vessels Arteries, capillaries, veins are tube-like in construction They transport blood to and from the heart and then to various body tissues Blood vessels Arteries – Thick-walled muscular and elastic tubes that carry oxygenated blood from heart to capillaries – Largest artery is the aorta Blood vessels Capillaries – Minute, thin-walled vessels that connect smaller arteries to veins – Provide tissues with nourishment and elimination of waste products Blood vessels Veins – Thin-walled blood vessels – Less elastic than arteries – Contain cup-like valves to prevent back flow, and carry blood containing waste products from capillaries back to heart – Located closer to outer surface off body than arteries The Blood Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system Approximately 80% water Composed of red and white corpuscles, platelets, plasma and hemoglobin The Blood Sticky, salty fluid Normal temperature of 98.6 degrees F Makes up 1/20 of body weight About 8-10 pints fill adult vessels Bright red in arteries Dark red in veins (except pulmonary) Blood Composition Red Corpuscles (red blood cells) – Also known as erythrocytes – Produced in red bone marrow – Contain hemoglobin (a complex iron protein that gives the blood its bright red color) – Carry oxygen to cells Blood Composition White Corpuscles (white blood cells) – Also called leucocytes – Destroy disease-causing germs Blood Platelets – Smaller than red blood cells – Important to clotting Plasma – Fluid part of the blood – Straw-like in color – About 90% water and contains proteins, sugar and oxygen – Carries food and secretions to cells and carbon dioxide from cells Chief functions of Blood Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions to cells Carries away carbon dioxide and waste – To be eliminated through lungs, skin, kidneys and large intestine Helps equalize body temperature Protects from harmful bacteria and infections – Through white blood cells Clotting – Which closes injured minute blood vessels and prevents excessive blood loss