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Terminology of Medical Disciplines To understand disease causes, effects, prevention, and treatment . . . it is necessary to understand the language! The “Ologies” and More • • • • 1. Anatomy the structure of living things 1a. Gross Anatomy the study of features observed with the naked eye • 1b. Histology • the of anatomical features with the assistance of a microscope The “Ologies” and More • 2. Physiology • the activities of living things; how they occur • 3. Embryology • the development of the embryo in-utero The “Ologies” and More • 4. Microbiology • study of microscopic organisms – 4a. Bacteriology – 4b. Virology The “Ologies” and More • 5. Electronmicroscopy • study of organisms using a electron micro. • 6. Immunology • study of immunity and it factors The “Ologies” and More • • • • • 7. Pathology study of disease 7a. Gross pathology = unaided eye 7b. Histopathology = disease of tissues 7c. Pathophysiology = mechanisms of disease production • 7d. Clinical pathology = disease causes utilizing certain laboratory methods Important Medical Terminology Medical Terms • • • • • • Disease ‘not at ease’; deviation from the norm Etiology study of the cause of the disease Diagnosis determine the nature and cause of disease Medical Terms • Prognosis • forecast of “probable” outcome or results of having a disease • Morbidity • ratio of sick animals to well (%age) • Mortality • death rate (%age) Medical Terms • Pathogen • disease causing agent • Pathogenesis • development of the disease, “process” • Prophylaxis • prevention of disease Medical Terms • Pathognomonic • an alteration that indicates “without doubt” the cause of a particular disease • i.e. Negri bodies in the hippocampus • Lesion • a morphologic change in tissue caused be a disease process Medical Terms • • • • • • • • Necropsy the examine a dead animal (Post Mortem) Symptom a clinical sign “evidence” (lameness, swell) Acute a rapid onset with sever pain Chronic persisting over a long period of time Medical Terms • Idiopathic • of unknown cause • Iatrogenic • disease caused by erroneous treatment The Body as a Whole • • • • • Cells Tissues Organs Systems Organism General Body Compartments • Cranial cavity • Thoracic cavity • Abdominal cavity (peritoneum) • Pelvic cavity The Systems Digestive System converts substances to simpler ones • • • • • Contains . . . Digestive tract Salivary glands Liver (Hepatic) Pancreas Respiratory System provides oxygen so energy can occur • • • • • Nasal or Oral cavity Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Alveoli Circulatory System carry products of digestion and respiration all over the body • • • • • • Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins Tissue fluid Lymphatic fluid Excretory System removes waste • • • • • • Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Lungs Skins Nervous System specialized to coordinate body activity • CNS – Brain – Spinal cord • PNS – cranial nerves – spinal nerves Reproductive System responsible for perpetuation of species • Pituitary hormones • Gonadal hormones • Sexual parts • Endocrine System – not a “system”, but works together via hormonal action from ductless glands to coordinate activities with nervous system – What is Endocrenology? Introduction to Terminology of Prefixes and Suffixes Prefixes and Suffixes • • • • • • • • A, An Ab Aero Ambi Anero Angio Ante Anti • • • • • • • • Arthro Auto Bi Brady Broncho Carcino Cardio Cephalo Prefixes and Suffixes • • • • • • • • Cide Cutaneous Cryo Crypto Cyte Derm Dys Ecto • • • • • • • • Emia Encephalo Endo Entero Epi Galacto Gastro Glyco Prefixes and Suffixes • • • • • • • • Hema Hepato Hetero Histo Homo Hyper Hydro Hypo • • • • • • • • Inter Intra In-utero In-vitro In-vivo Iso Itis Leuco Prefixes and Suffixes • • • • • • • • Lysis Macro Mal Mania Mast Metri Micro Myco • • • • • • • • Myo Necro Neo Nephro Neuro Non Ology Oma Prefixes and Suffixes • • • • • • • • Opthalmo Os Oscopy Osis Osteo Otomy Paresis Partum • • • • • • • • Pathy Per os Peri Phage Phobia Pnea Pneumo Poly Prefixes and Suffixes • • • • • • • • Post Pre Pulmo Pyelo Pyo=purulent Renal Rhino Septic • • • • • • • • Sero Stasis Stoma Sub Thermo Tox Tracheo Uni Prefixes and Suffixes • Uria • Vaso • Verm • On to vet school . . .
