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Respiratory System Respiratory System • Made up of your lungs and air passages. • Function: allows us to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, or waste products that cells produce Respiratory System Cilia- hair like structures in the mucous membrane that filters out bacteria and helps protect the lungs. Nasal Cavity- lies between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the brain, (where air enters, nostrils). Mucous Membrane- is tissue that lines the nasal cavity; helps moisten and warm the air before it enters the lungs. Larynx- known commonly as the voice box, helps remove and filter particles, and also warms and moistens the air. Trachea- below the larynx, has ring like structure made up of cartilage to keep the trachea firm and open for the passage of air to and from the lungs. Bronchi- lower end of the windpipe that divides into two parts. Bronchioles – branches of bronchi in the lungs Respiratory System Alveoli- tiny air sacks, they branch out of the smallest air tubes, 300 million in the lungs. Oxygen passes through the thin walls of the sacks into red blood cells, while carbon dioxide passes into the sack and out of the body. Respiratory System • Lungs- the pair of organs that carry out the major breathing function. Left lung is smaller than right side • Diaphragm- is the large muscle that is stretched across the base of the chest cavity and separates the chest from the abdomen. • Inhale – diaphragm moves down chest cavity becomes larger • Exhale – diaphragm curves upward chest cavity size decreases Respiratory Disorders These chest X rays compare clear, healthy lungs with the cloudy, inflamed lung tissue of pneumonia. • Pneumonia- is an infection that causes an inflammation of the lung tissue. It may be caused by bacteria or viruses. Fluids can collect in the lungs making breathing difficult; signs are most often fever and coughing. It can result in death for elderly. Pneumonia fills the lung's alveoli with fluid, keeping oxygen from reaching the bloodstream. The alveolus on the left is normal, while the alveolus on the right is full of fluid from pneumonia. Respiratory Disorders • Bronchitis- is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, fluid gathers in the bronchi, resulting in a thick mucous build-up. Respiratory Disorders • Asthma- a respiratory disorder characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. This is the narrowing of the bronchial tubes and swelling of the mucous membrane. Respiratory Disorders • Emphysema- a respiratory disease caused by a weakening of lung tissue and characterized by a serious shortness of breath. Usually develops over many years, most common in smokers. The lung damage is permanent and so treatment is very limited.