Download Vertebarate Excretory systems

Vertebarate Excretory
systems
Vertebarate Excretory
systems
Excretory systems regulate the chemical
composition of body fluids by removing
metabolic wastes and retaining the proper
amounts of water, salts, and nutrients.
Components of the excretory system in
vertebrates include the lungs, liver, skin,
and kidneys.
Excretory System
Functions
1.Collect water and filter body fluids.
2.Remove and concentrate waste
products from body fluids and return
other substances to body fluids as
necessary for homeostasis.
3.Eliminate excretory products from the
body.
Waste Production
Where does waste come from?
Cells produce water and carbon dioxide as
by-products of metabolic breakdown of
sugars, fats, and proteins.
Chemical groups such as nitrogen, sulfur, and
phosphorous are removed, from the large
molecules to which they were formerly
attached (deamination etc.)
Types of waste
Ammonia
Nitrogen wastes are a by product of protein
metabolism. Amino groups are removed from
amino acids prior to energy conversion. The
NH2 (amino group) combines with a hydrogen
ion (proton) to form ammonia (NH3).
Ammonia is very toxic and gets converted to
urea which is then put into the blood and
removed by the kidneys.
Waste Production
The continuous production of metabolic wastes
establishes concentration gradient across the
plasma membrane of cells, causing wastes to
diffuse out of cells and into the extracellular
fluid.
Multicellular organisms must have a specialized
organ system to concentrate and remove wastes
from the extracellular fluid, collect it, and
remove it from the body.
The Urinary System
The Urinary System
Water and Salt Balance
The excretory system is responsible for
regulating water balance in various body
fluids.
Kidneys regulate body fluid levels and
remove wastes
The Urinary System
The urinary system is made-up of the
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
The nephron is the kidney's functional
unit.
Waste is filtered from the blood and
collected as urine in each kidney.
The Urinary System
Urine leaves the kidneys by ureters, and
collects in the bladder.
The bladder can distend to store urine
that eventually leaves through the
urethra.
The Urinary System
The Nephron
The nephron consists of a cup-shaped
capsule containing capillaries and the
glomerulus, and a long renal tube.
The Urinary System
The nephron has three functions:
1. Glomerular filtration of water and solutes
from the blood.
2.Reabsorption of water and conserved
molecules back into the blood.
3.Secretion of ions and other waste
products from surrounding capillaries into
the distal tubule.
Kidney
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/
anisamples/majorsbiology/kidney.html
Dialysis
http://www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/sit
e/HDanim.html