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ANIMAL
KINGDOM
Characteristics of all Animals
• They are made of cells, which form
tissues, which form organs which form
organ systems.
• They obtain food by eating other
organisms (herbivores, carnivores or
omnivores).
• Most animals reproduce sexually but
some can reproduce asexually.
• All animals
move in order to
satisfy 1 of their
basic needs
(food, water,
shelter, escaping
danger)
Types of food eaters
Carnivore meat eater
(either a
predator prey
relationship
or a
scavenger)
Herbivore plant eater
Omnivore
- eats
plants and
meat
Division of animals
Animals have bilateral
symmetry (1 line that
can divide the animal
into 2 identical parts)
or radial symmetry
( many lines that can
divide the animal into
equal parts).
Sub Kingdom: Invertebrates
• Phyla Include:
• Sponges
• Cnidarians
• Worms
Phylum - Sponge
• Simplest form of animal
• No tissues or organs
• heterotrophic & cells
that have specialized
jobs
• Bodies pierced all over
with openings called
pores
How do
Sponges eat &
breathe?
• Collar cells on
the inside of
central cavity
trap bacteria &
protists & digest
them.
• Sponges get O2
by diffusion.
• Soft bodies have network of spikes.
• Made of tough material, but food for some
types of fish.
• Can reproduce asexually (budding) and
sexually. Fertilized eggs go through a larvae
stage.
Phylum - Cnidarians
• Carnivores use stinging cells to capture
prey & defend selves.
• Specialized tissues - no organs.
• Radial symmetry
Phylum - Cnidarians
2 body types:
polyp (like a
vase with a
mouth
opening at
the top)
and medusa
(bowl
shaped).
Digestion
• Capture prey using stinging cells to inject
venom - paralyzes prey
• Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity
digestive system: 1 opening - expel food
from mouths also.
Reproduction
• asexually by budding &
sexually.
• Some have both sexes
within 1 individual
others in separate
individuals.
• Examples include
jellyfish, sea anemones
and coral.
Worms - 3 phyla
• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
• Roundworms (Nematoda)
• Segmented worms (Annelida)
All Worms…
• Have tissues, organs and organ
systems.
• Have bilateral symmetry.
• Have a brain.
• Reproduce both sexually and
asexually.
• Can replace parts by a process called
regeneration.
Flatworms
• Parasites (food from their host (ex. tapeworms).
• Those that are not parasites are scavengers (feed
off the remains of dead organisms)
• Feed by inserting a tube into food which secretes
chemicals to break down the food. They then
suck it through the tube.
Roundworms
• Live in moist environments.
• Some are herbivores, some carnivores,
some parasites (worms that dogs and cats
get are parasites).
• The digestive system is 1 long tube where
food goes in 1 end and waste exits at the
other end.
Segmented Worms
• Have linked sections called
segments.
• Some scavengers
(earthworm)
• Some parasites (leeches).
• Closed circulatory system
(blood moves through
system via vessels).
• Nerve cords and digestive
tube run through their
bodies.