Download What is an Animals PPT notes

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What is an Animal?
Animals & Their Environment
2016
So, what is an animal?
Take a few minutes and at your table discuss characteristics that help to define what an
animal is.
Share
Now… let’s see how close we came...
An animal is…
What is an Animal?
To recap the video
Animals are Heterotrophs
They need to eat other organisms (plants or animals)
Plants are autotrophs – they get their energy from the sun and make their own food
Animals are capable of movement
DNA and Genetics
DNA demonstrates that animals share similar characteristics
Animals are grouped into families
Plants are also grouped into families, but different DNA
Animals are multicellular
SO are many other organisms, but this is a definite characteristic of animals
Cells can specialize in animals, unlike cells in plants.
Cells create organs, eyes, skin, bones, etc.
From the video we know that…
Animals are Heterotrophs (must eat other organisms)
Animals can move
Animal DNA is able to demonstrate shared characteristics to group into families
Animals are multicellular
Animal cells can specialize (bones, tissue, organs)
So, is there more?
Metabolic Dormancy
All living things enter into some state of dormancy
Three types of dormancy
Hibernation
“winter sleep”
Low body temperature
Slow breathing
Low heart rate
Low metabolism
Aestivation
Similar to Hibernation
Found in areas of HIGH temperatures
Lower metabolic rate
Inactivity
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Torpor
A state of reduced activity
Winter – Hibernation
Summer(heat) – Aestivation
Decreased physiological activity in response to limited food
Can be days, weeks, or months
Reproduction
Most animals reproduce through sexual reproduction (male and female
A few exceptions – Asexual reproduction
– Offspring develop as a growth on the parent
– Examples are Jellyfish and corals
Haploid and Diploid (cell types)
Diploid
– Have 2 complete sets of chromosomes
– Reproduce through Mitosis (exact replicas)
– Examples: skin, blood, muscle cells
Haploid
– Have only 1 complete set of chromosomes (half)
– Reproduce through Meosis
– Cells for sexual reproduction
– “Gametes” or sperm and ova
– Predator, Prey Or Scavenger?
Predator
Hunts other animals as primary food source
Top level is the one at the top of the food chain
Some predators can be prey
– Prey
Any animal that is eaten by another animal
Some prey animals are also considered predators
Some are simply prey animals
Scavengers
Animals that eat Carrion (dead animals)
Some predators will scavenge when prey is not available
Food Source
Carnivore – eats meat
Herbivore – eats plants
Omnivore – eats plants and meat
Binomial Classification System
As early as 350 B.C. man has been classifying animals and plants
Aristotle developed the first classification “ladder of nature”
Latin is the typical language used to classify living organisms
Common names can be confusing
New species are being found even today
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Name of a species from the classification systems groups them into similar
characteristics
Classification System
Domain
Based on RNA
Three domains:
– Archaea (Single cell organisisms – Prokaryotes) Have no cell nucleus
– Bacteria
– Eukarya (Eukaryotes) Cells have a nucleus – animals fall into this category
Kingdoms (six of them)
Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)
Eubacteria (true bacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia (ANIMALS)
Phylum
(organisms that have something in common)
Animal Phylum
– Chordate – have a backbone (Fish, Reptiles, Birds, Amphibians, and Mammals)
– Arthropod – exoskeleton (Insects, Arachnids, and Crustaceans)
– Mollusk - soft body with hard shell (Snails, Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Clams, Oysters,
and Mussels)
– Annelid – segmented worms (worms and leeches)
– Rotifer – microscopic with wheel-shaped mouths
– Nematodes – non-segmented worms (roundworms)
– Tardigrade – tiny slow-moving animals with 4 body segments & 8 legs (water
bears)
– Cnidarian – soft-bodied, jelly-like, with tentacles (Hydra, Jellyfish, Anemones,
and Coral
– Echinoderm – spiny with arms reaching out from center (starfish and sea
urchins)
– Platyhelminthes – soft, flat-bodied worms (planarians and tapeworms)
– Class
smaller groups
The Chordate phylum splits into
– Mammalia (mammals)
– Actinopterygii (bony fish)
– Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
– Aves (Birds)
– Amphibia (Amphibians)
– Reptilia (Reptiles)
Order
Even smaller groups!
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Mammalia splits into several including:
– Carnivora
– Primate
– Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates – hoofed animals)
– Rodentia
– Family
Different groups that have similar features
Carnivora splits into smaller groups such as:
– Felidae (Cats)
– Canidae (Dogs)
– Ursidae (Bears)
– Mustelidae (Weasels)
Genus
First part of a “scientific name”
Smaller group with very similar features and closely related
Felidae splits into:
– Felis (small Cats and domestic Cats)
– Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions)
– Puma (Panthers and Cougars)
Species
Second part of a scientific name
Use both Genus and Species when Identifying animals
This is a unique group – all have the same characteristics
So… what’s in a name?
Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal)Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrate)
Class: Mammalia (Mammal)
Order: Carnivora (Carnivore)
Family: Felidae (Cat)
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris (Tiger)
Activity
Pick 4 animals and complete the worksheet to “classify” them